QA討論:結(jié)合自身學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷討論中外教育體制的差異

Anonymous
I did 1st grade in Japan, 2-3rd grade in Canada, 4-12th grade (or high school senior year) in China, and college & grad school in USA.
It's probably unfair to compare since I spent time in different countries at different ages. But here's what I know:

我在日本讀了一年級，在加拿大讀了二年級和三年級，四到十二年級（或高中畢業(yè)班）是在中國讀的，然后在美國讀的大學(xué)和研究生。
由于我是于不同年齡階段在不同國家學(xué)習(xí)的，比較可能不太公平。但這是我所知道的：

The classroom setting in Canada was very different from China and Japan. The chairs were scattered more spaciously, the rooms had a little more color, there were maps and drawings and writings and other stuff on the walls. There was a computer room. The playground had more equipment to play with. China and Japan were similar in style, both very simple. They both had the absolute necessaries, desks and chairs and blackboard, and not much more. And that was pretty much it. The primary school in Japan that I went to had an indoor swimming pool, and we were taught swimming. Education spanned through the typical subjects as well as planting and growing flowers and how to save yourself in an earthquake.

加拿大的教室設(shè)置與中國和日本的教室設(shè)置極為不同。椅子擺放得更寬敞，房間里有一些顏色，墻上貼有地圖、圖畫、文字和其他東西，還有一個計算機室。操場上有更多的器材可以玩耍。中國和日本的風(fēng)格相似，都非常簡單。它們都有最基本的設(shè)施：桌子、椅子和黑板，再沒有更多的東西了，基本上就是這樣。我在日本上小學(xué)時，學(xué)校有一個室內(nèi)游泳池，我們還學(xué)習(xí)了游泳。教育內(nèi)容不僅包括常規(guī)科目，還包括種植和培育花卉以及如何在地震中自救。

When I first went to Japan, I couldn't speak Japanese. I think my teacher and my peers thought I was literally a retard at first, since I couldn't communicate, but they never disrespected me, and tried to work with me as much as possible, and upon finding out that I was an international, they hired a translator to sit with me during class so she could translate to me what the teacher said. My classmates immediately warmed up to me after learning the truth and tried to make friends with me, however hard it was since I was just learning Japanese.

當(dāng)我剛?cè)ト毡緯r，我不會說日語。我認(rèn)為我的老師和同學(xué)一開始可能因為我不能交流，就會認(rèn)為我是個傻瓜，但他們從沒有不尊重我過，而是盡可能地與我合作。在得知我是國際學(xué)生后，他們雇了一位翻譯，在上課時坐在我旁邊，為我翻譯老師說的話。同學(xué)們在了解真相后立刻對我熱情起來，盡管我剛開始學(xué)習(xí)日語，他們還是盡力與我交朋友。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://nxnpts.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處

When I first went to Canada, they knew I was an international who knew nothing. I was placed in an ESL class, and I learned everything quickly. Nobody ever bullied me either. They made friends with me and helped me despite the fact that I knew close to zero English and was complete new to the Canadian culture.

當(dāng)我剛?cè)ゼ幽么髸r，他們知道我是一個什么都不會的國際學(xué)生。我被安排在非母語英語課程（ESL）班，很快學(xué)到了一切，也沒有人欺負(fù)我。他們與我交朋友并幫助我——盡管我?guī)缀醪粫⒄Z，對加拿大文化也完全陌生。

When I went back to China, my Chinese was very poor since I haven't used it for a couple of years. I understood some of it since my parents spoke it at home, but I never used it in the public or even much at home. Not only did my classmates alienate me and bully me, but my teachers as well.

當(dāng)我回到中國時，我的中文很差，因為我已經(jīng)好幾年沒用過了。由于父母在家說中文，我還能理解一些，但我從不在公共場合使用，甚至在家里也很少用。不僅我的同學(xué)排斥我、欺負(fù)我，老師也一樣。

To this day I still remember my first day of English class in China. The teacher noticed that a new kid came, so I guess she was trying to figure out how good I was. She walked up to me and told me "you stand up piss" (with a strong accent). I stared at her, not knowing what to do. I was completely out of words. And she repeated it again and I got even more confused. She couldn't be serious could she? And then after a few seconds she thought I was a retard and started to talk loudly to the class about how a retard came here. The class laughed. I knew enough Chinese to understand her insults. So I cried. And she seemed even more proud. (I spent a minute thinking of the right word to describe her reaction. I'm pretty sure "proud" is the most accurate word here.) Later that day, long after that class has finished, I realized that she was telling me "you stand up please". But anyway, she continued to think of me as a retard throughout the semester that she taught. There was another time when she asked me to answer a question and I answered it in a full English sentence. I don't think she understood me, and then she accused me of talking like a mosquito, made the class laugh again, and complained that I cried too much too easily, which also indicated that I was a loser destined for failure.

直到今天，我仍然記得我在中國上英語課的第一天。老師注意到來了一個新同學(xué)，所以我想她是在試圖了解我的水平。她走到我跟前對我說：“請站起來”（帶著很重的口音，變成了“站起來撒尿”）。我盯著她，不知道該怎么辦。她又重復(fù)了一遍，我更加困惑了。她不會是認(rèn)真的吧？過了幾秒鐘，她以為我是個智障，開始大聲對全班說“怎么來了一個智障”，全班都笑了。我懂的中文足以理解她的侮辱舉動。所以我哭了，她卻似乎更加得意。（我花了一分鐘思考用哪個詞來形容她的反應(yīng)。我相當(dāng)確定“得意”是最準(zhǔn)確的詞。）那天晚些時候，那節(jié)課結(jié)束后很久，我才意識到她是在說“請站起來”。但不管怎樣，她整個學(xué)期都把我當(dāng)作傻瓜。還有一次，她讓我回答一個問題，我用完整的英語句子回答了。我認(rèn)為她沒聽懂，然后她指責(zé)我說話像蚊子，又讓全班笑了一次，并抱怨我太容易哭，這也表明我是一個注定要失敗的失敗者。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://nxnpts.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處

The next English teacher was a bit better. She was a little more competent, as she was actually able to tell that I was good at English. Life became a little better, and then there was this day when she wrote the word "chees" on the blackboard, and asked the class if they knew what it meant. Nobody knew, and she asked me. I was confused. So I took a guess that she wanted to write "chess", and then she said it's "cheese" in a tone of triumph, and organized the class to laugh at my mistake.

后面的英語老師稍微好一些。她稍微厲害一點，因為她確實能分辨出這一點：我的英語很好。學(xué)習(xí)生活變得稍微好了一些，然后有一天，她在黑板上寫下了“chees”這個詞，問全班是否知道它的意思。沒人知道，她問我。我很困惑。所以我猜測她想寫的是“chess”，然后她以一種勝利的語調(diào)說“cheese”，并組織全班嘲笑我的錯誤.

I'm not telling these stories as jokes or anecdotes. I'm not writing these things to laugh at my incompetent teachers. The thing that frightens me the most about primary education in China is not even how unnecessarily hard it is, but how abusive it is. Teachers had little respect for students. We as children were taught to respect teachers, but in return the teachers often seemed to think that the gesture meant they were superiors. I've seen teachers yelling at students, sometimes even using foul language or borderline physical violence. And they think they're entitled to do that just because they are the teachers who should be respected and obeyed by students. I can't draw to big conclusions here, but I was only alienated and bullied regularly by my classmates in China, even though that was the only place where I wasn't a foreigner and I knew enough language to make a conversation. I think I've read somewhere that abuse is usually taught inadvertently.

我講這些故事不是為了開玩笑或作為軼事。我寫這些不是為了嘲笑我老師的無能。我對中國小學(xué)教育最害怕的事情甚至不是它多么不必要地艱難，而是它多么具有虐待性。老師幾乎不會尊重學(xué)生。我們作為孩子被教導(dǎo)要尊重老師，但反過來，老師似乎常常認(rèn)為這意味著他們是高人一等的。我見過老師對學(xué)大聲喊叫，有時甚至使用粗俗語言或近乎身體暴力。他們認(rèn)為自己有權(quán)這么做，只是因為他們是應(yīng)該被學(xué)生尊重和服從的老師。我不能在這里得出有影響力的結(jié)論，但我在中國時，只有在中國我才被同學(xué)排斥和欺負(fù)，盡管那是唯一一個我不是外國人且懂得足夠多語言進行交流的地方。我想我在某處讀到過，虐待通常是無意中被教授的.

Secondary education in China was better in terms of respect and culture, but I'm not sure if that's simply because I went to arguably the best high school in China so I got the best-trained teachers in the country. There were also a lot of extracurricular activities offered at my school, but school was so unnecessarily hard that most students didn't have the leisure to participate in them. Actually, the unnecessary hardness probably started in primary school - only the top Math Olympiad students and a handful of student athletes and musicians were admitted to good middle schools. And then 3 years later students were admitted into high schools based on their score on the entrance exam, which is hard but nothing compared to the college entrance exam. But anyway, everything was made extremely hard due to the pressure of competition for the best schools.

中國的中學(xué)教育在尊重和文化方面要好一些，但我不確定這是否僅僅是因為我上的是中國最好的高中之一，所以我遇到了全國最好的老師。我的學(xué)校也安排了很多課外活動，但學(xué)校太不必要地嚴(yán)厲，以至于大多數(shù)學(xué)生沒有閑暇去參加課外活動。實際上，這種不必要地嚴(yán)厲可能從小學(xué)就開始了——只有頂尖的數(shù)學(xué)奧林匹克學(xué)生和少數(shù)學(xué)生運動員及音樂家才能被錄取到好的中學(xué)。三年后，學(xué)生根據(jù)入學(xué)考試的成績被錄取到高中，這個考試很難，但與高考相比就不算什么了。但不管怎樣，由于就讀最好學(xué)校的競爭壓力，一切都變得極其嚴(yán)厲。

Now, many people are talking about the high grades that Chinese students achieve in math and science subjects, but those high grades doesn't translate into anything meaningful. For most students, the physic/chemistry/biology entrance exam they take is the last time they ever care about those subjects. I went to a great school so most of my classmates were geniuses that studied extremely hard and got very high grades, and immediately after they got that top mark in the exam they were done with all sciences. Gee they could have learned some programming or economics for the 3 years and actually had some meaningful intellectual years. So this is the problem I have with the secondary education in China. The subjects are way too hard for completely no purpose but to separate students in the college entrance exam, and most of the stuff we learn in high school do not follow us anymore beyond the big exam. I'm actually an engineer now and I think most of the sciences I learned in high school were useless and sometimes false.

現(xiàn)在，許多人談?wù)撝袊鴮W(xué)生在數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)科目中取得的高分，但這些高分并沒有轉(zhuǎn)化為任何有意義的東西。對于大多數(shù)學(xué)生來說，他們參加的物理、化學(xué)、生物入學(xué)考試是他們最后一次關(guān)心這些科目的時候。我上了一所很好的學(xué)校，所以我的大多數(shù)同學(xué)都是學(xué)習(xí)非常努力、成績非常高的天才，他們在考試中取得最高分后就再也不關(guān)心所有的科學(xué)了。天哪，他們本可以在三年內(nèi)學(xué)習(xí)一些編程或經(jīng)濟學(xué)，真正度過一些有意義的智力發(fā)展時光，這就是我認(rèn)為的中國中學(xué)教育的問題所在。這些科目的難度遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了實際需要，只是為了在高考中區(qū)分學(xué)生，而我們在高中學(xué)到的大部分東西在大考之后就再也沒有用過。我現(xiàn)在是一名工程師，我認(rèn)為我在高中學(xué)到的大部分科學(xué)知識都是無用的，有時甚至是錯誤的。

Moreover, the pressure of getting into a good college in China is so high that it often makes the student very unbalanced. I recall in my senior year in high school that almost nobody had a stable body weight. Everybody either gained at least 10 pounds or lost at least 10 pounds. Here's why: The intense studying drains a lot of energy. Those who ignore the fatigue lose weight. Those who eat more due to feeling tired and hungry gain weight. And I'm not telling this as a joke either. I don't think anybody in my entire class was in the same shape at the beginning of the year and at the end of it. I did go to the school where people studied the hardest, so maybe not everybody suffered from this, but still, the imbalance is scary, and sad.

此外，進入中國好大學(xué)的壓力非常之高，以至于常常使學(xué)生變得非常不平衡。我回憶起高中畢業(yè)那年，幾乎沒有人的體重是穩(wěn)定的。每個人要么至少增重10磅，要么至少減重10磅。原因如下：緊張的學(xué)習(xí)消耗了大量能量。那些忽視疲勞的人會減重。那些因為感到疲倦和饑餓而吃得更多的人會增重，我可不是在開玩笑。我認(rèn)為我們班上沒有一個人在年初和年末時的體重是相同的。我確實上了一所人們學(xué)習(xí)最努力的學(xué)校，所以也許不是每個人都遭受了這種情況，但無論如何，這種不平衡是可怕的，也是令人悲哀的.

I did go to summer school at a very famous high school in America for one summer. Summer school is very different from regular school, so I'm not going to compare the life, but the facilities were so far apart. The library of my high school was the size of two classrooms and (almost) nobody ever visited. The library here was a 4/5-story building. My high school had one track & field / soccer court and one swimming pool. Here they had courts for almost every sport possible. The science labs of my high school were located in a very old and outdated building that we used to tell ghost stories about. The science labs here were new and fully equipped with all facilities.

我曾在夏天去美國一所非常著名的高中上過一個暑假的課。暑期學(xué)校與普通學(xué)校非常不同，所以我不會去比較學(xué)習(xí)生活，但設(shè)施的差距太大了。我高中的圖書館只有兩個教室那么大，而且（幾乎）沒有人去參觀。這里的圖書館是一座四到五層的建筑。我高中有一個田徑/足球場和一個游泳池。這里幾乎有每種運動的場地。我高中的科學(xué)實驗室位于一座非常陳舊和過時的建筑中，我們以前常在那里講鬼故事。這里的科學(xué)實驗室是新的，并且配備了所有設(shè)施。

There were classes like genetic engineering and the art of debate here. Nobody was stuck to learning a subject that they hated as hard as they can just to pass an exam they wanted nothing more than to be done with.Maybe we have higher grades in China, but it just seems completely meaningless to me. And we sacrificed so many things on the way to getting that score we want to enter a good college, even fitness and health. I don't think people should judge how successful an education system is just by how high the exam score of the graduates were.

這里還有遺傳工程和辯論藝術(shù)等課程。沒有人被迫學(xué)習(xí)他們討厭的科目——只是為了通過他們只想盡快完成的考試。也許我們在中國的成績更高，但對我來說似乎完全沒有意義。為了獲得進入好大學(xué)所需的分?jǐn)?shù)，我們在學(xué)習(xí)過程中犧牲了很多東西，甚至包括健康和體能。我認(rèn)為人們不應(yīng)該僅僅通過畢業(yè)生的考試成績來判斷一個教育系統(tǒng)有多成功。

I can't directly compare college and grad school either, as I have only been exposed to the American version. I do notice that the level of pressure and urgency of studying in the higher education section has completely reversed. College in America is tough. There's so much to learn, so much to do. There are deadlines every few days, sometimes even everyday. Assignments are hard and lab is demanding.

我不能直接比較大學(xué)和研究生教育，因為我只接觸過美國的版本。我注意到，在高等教育階段，學(xué)習(xí)的壓力和緊迫感完全顛倒了。美國的大學(xué)很難，有太多東西要學(xué)，有太多事情要做。每隔幾天就有截止日期，有時甚至是每天遇到。作業(yè)很難，實驗室要求很高。

I've heard the complete opposite from my friends in China. There's almost no pressure of anything. Many students slack, and don't learn much over 4 years in the bubble. In their defenses, high school juiced away all the energy in them and they are literally incapable of working hard anymore. I heard this explanation multiple times from many people, and it just sounds very sad to me. The high school education is pretty much useless because none of the subjects that we learned offered any directly translatable skills in the real world. And students lose the drive when it actually mattered. It seems like a very unsuccessful education system to me. You exhausted the students, yet failed to turn them into useful intellectual forces. That seems like really low efficiency.

我從在中國的朋友那里聽到的情況則完全相反，中國的大學(xué)和研究生教育幾乎沒有壓力。許多學(xué)生在四年的大學(xué)生活中松懈，沒有學(xué)到多少東西。他們辯解說，高中耗盡了他們所有的精力，以至于他們真的無法再努力學(xué)習(xí)了。我多次從許多人那里聽到這種解釋，在我看來，這聽起來非常悲哀。中學(xué)教育基本上是無用的，因為我們學(xué)的任何科目都沒有提供任何可以直接轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)實世界技能的東西。當(dāng)真正需要的時候，學(xué)生卻又失去了學(xué)習(xí)的動力。在我看來，這似乎是一個非常不成功的教育體系。你耗盡了學(xué)生，卻沒有將他們轉(zhuǎn)化為有用的智力力量。這效率似乎非常低.

And I've heard that nowadays a bachelors degree is useless in China. I don't know if that's really due to the absolute necessity of a graduate degree to do certain jobs, or if people just don't learn much in college. I really don't know.
So anyway, here's what I think about the Chinese education system. We probably produce the highest scoring individuals. But in general, I think our system has some really big flaws and is very inefficient.

我還聽說現(xiàn)在在中國，學(xué)士學(xué)位似乎沒什么用處了。我不知道這是否是因為某些工作確實需要研究生學(xué)位，還是因為人們在大學(xué)里沒有學(xué)到多少東西，我是真的不清楚。
總之，這就是我對中國教育體系的看法。我們可能培養(yǎng)出分?jǐn)?shù)最高的個體，但總體而言，我認(rèn)為我們的體系存在一些非常大的缺陷，效率非常低。

Xuzheng Wang

Due to lessons taken by history, Chinese educational system is all about fostering engineers(especially second tier cities third tier cities and small towns, natural science理科 seems to be the only way out)which is a short cut to industrialize a country within a short time. That's why we got so many low level engineers. IMO, the Chinese Ministry of Education doesn't care about personality development of students. All they care about is to enhance the industrial level and technological leve by utilizing the current educational system, in order to catch up with the US, Europe and Japan.
由于歷史的教訓(xùn)，中國的教育體系主要致力于培養(yǎng)工程師（特別是在二、三線城市和小城鎮(zhèn)，理科似乎成了唯一的出路），這是一種在短時間內(nèi)實現(xiàn)國家工業(yè)化的捷徑。這就是為什么我們有這么多低水平工程師的原因。在我看來，中國教育部并不關(guān)心學(xué)生的個性發(fā)展。他們所關(guān)心的是利用當(dāng)前的教育體系提高工業(yè)水平和技術(shù)水平，以便趕上美國、歐洲和日本。