阿曼斥資 26 億美元的“智慧”城市巨型項目如何顛覆迪拜模式，“阿拉伯國家在沙漠中建造豪華城市就像在月球上建造城市”

Muscat is wedged between the Gulf of Oman and the Haajar mountains. It's home to about one-third of the country's rapidly growing population. Oman has a population of about 5.2 million people, but by 2040, it anticipates that number may increase by 50% to 7.7 million. To house them all, the country is investing in a lot of projects. One of the most significant that's underway is happening here: Sultan Qaboos City. It is designed to house 100,000 people across more than a dozen neighborhoods, along with 25 mosques and 39 schools. Though for a landmark project in a Middle Eastern capital, the scale and budget are relatively small. The Line in Saudi Arabia, for instance, is expected to house 200,000 people after the first phase completes with a projected cost of $100 billion. Egypt's controversial new administrative capital, designed to hold more than 6 million people, will cost an estimated $58 billion. Oman's smaller ambitions are both because the country has less money and fewer people, but also because the country highly values its local atmosphere, where native Omanis actually live in the city and work in service jobs. In Dubai, for instance, only 15% of the city's population are from the UAE. When I visited Muscat a few years ago, one thing that was crystal clear by my Omani hosts was that they do not want Muscat to become another Dubai. They were really insistent on that. It will take a while to see if the new model succeeds. Sultan Qaboos City won't actually be done until 2045. Oman needs time to convince local people they want to live here.

馬斯喀特（Muscat）夾在阿曼灣和哈賈爾山脈之間，是該國迅速增長的人口的三分之一的家園。阿曼大約有520萬人口，但到2040年，預計這一數(shù)字將增長50%，達到770萬。為了容納所有人，該國正在投資許多項目。其中最重要的一個正在進行中，那就是蘇丹卡布斯城。它被設計為容納超過12個社區(qū)的10萬人，以及25座清真寺和39所學校。盡管對于中東首都的一個標志性項目來說，其規(guī)模和預算相對較小。例如，沙特阿拉伯的“線城”在第一階段完成后預計將容納20萬人，預計成本為1000億美元。埃及備受爭議的新行政首都設計容納超過600萬人，預計將耗資580億美元。阿曼較小的雄心是因為該國資金和人口較少，但也因為該國高度重視其本地氛圍，其中阿曼本地人實際上居住在城市并在服務行業(yè)工作。例如，在迪拜，只有15%的城市人口來自阿聯(lián)酋。幾年前我訪問馬斯喀特時，我的阿曼東道主非常清楚的一點是，他們不希望馬斯喀特成為另一個迪拜。他們對此非常堅持。要看到新模型是否成功還需要一段時間。蘇丹卡布斯城實際上要到2045年才能完成。阿曼需要時間來說服當?shù)厝怂麄兿胱≡谶@里。

Dysfunctional housing policy: While Oman has a high home ownership rate—the government claims 89% of its citizens own their own homes—the country is still facing some major housing issues, and the government needs to figure out how to get people to live in denser cities. Under the current system, Omanis typically live in single-family homes in low-density areas. Citizens are entitled to free land via a housing lottery, but they often wait years for lots that end up being far from established developments in Muscat. This has led to a sprawling capital with lots of traffic—the biggest issue in the region and not just in Muscat or Ranis. Housing leaders in the region have gotten extremely rich off their country's soil, but they make sure to spend enough on their people to maintain stability. In particular, they've paid for things like free healthcare, education, and homes, and this is really how regimes in the Arabian Peninsula have been able to secure the loyalty of their citizens through housing policy. But lots of the land these countries have left to do is farther into the desert, which is expensive to develop and will become increasingly unsustainable as resources decrease. So there will have to be a sort of a reality check. Sultan Qaboos City is designed to put locals in much denser neighborhoods than most currently live in but maintain the privacy of individual villas. The government is also planning a mass transit system for Muscat that would go here, connecting the new city to the Old City. Metro systems have been a long-time goal for countries across the Middle East that want to reduce traffic and improve their international image, but many have found them exorbitantly expensive and time-consuming.

阿曼的住房政策存在問題：盡管政府聲稱89%的公民擁有自己的住房，擁有較高的住房擁有率，但該國仍面臨一些重大的住房問題。政府需要想辦法讓人們居住在更密集的城市中。在現(xiàn)行制度下，阿曼人通常居住在低密度區(qū)域的單戶住宅中。公民可以通過住房抽簽免費獲得土地，但他們往往需要等待多年，而這些土地最終遠離馬斯喀特已建立的發(fā)展區(qū)域。這導致首都無序擴張，交通擁堵嚴重——這是該地區(qū)最大的問題，不僅僅局限于馬斯喀特或拉尼。
該地區(qū)的住房領導者通過國家的土地變得極其富有，但他們確保在人民身上投入足夠的資金以維持穩(wěn)定。特別是，他們支付了免費醫(yī)療、教育和住房等費用，這正是阿拉伯半島的政權如何通過住房政策確保公民忠誠的方式。但這些國家剩下的土地大多是更深入沙漠的地區(qū)，開發(fā)成本高昂，隨著資源的減少，將變得越來越不可持續(xù)。因此，必須進行某種現(xiàn)實檢查。
蘇丹卡布斯城旨在將當?shù)厝税仓迷诒却蠖鄶?shù)目前居住地更密集的社區(qū)中，同時保持個別別墅的隱私。政府還計劃為馬斯喀特規(guī)劃一個大眾交通系統(tǒng)，連接新城和舊城。地鐵系統(tǒng)一直是中東國家長期以來的目標，這些國家希望減少交通并改善他們的國際形象，但許多國家發(fā)現(xiàn)它們成本過高且耗時。

But this project isn't just about fixing the housing system for locals; much of the development's housing is for expats and visitors because the mega-project is also a key part of Oman's bet on tourism. Oman doesn't currently get as many tourists as some of its neighbors, but the country is hoping it can draw visitors with its picturesque setting and range of historic sites. It's one of the oldest cities in the Middle East; it's also safer and more politically stable than some of its neighbors. So in theory, it shouldn't need flashy and impressive projects to draw visitors. But some wonder how long it will be able to resist the temptation to imitate neighboring metropolises like Dubai. It is very difficult to resist theseductive allure of a place like Dubai—it really has this hold on people's urban imaginary in that region, and they see what is happening in Dubai and elsewhere, and they simply want to capitalize on that as well. But this approach often prioritizes international investment over local people. I've coined the term "Dubai-fication," which at its core means that there is a certain mode of urban development that Dubai is promoting where you basically start from a clean slate, you erase all that has existed in the past, and rebuild it in a different way that is based on transience and temporariness—on people not staying for the long term but for a certain amount of time. And of course, the building of all these skyscrapers and towers and spectacular iconic structures. Oman is already planning additional projects in Muscat like this $1.3 billion development on the city's waterfront. Early renderings show the development may include buildings much taller than the country has allowed in the past. It will significantly transform the Muscat skyline. So you have that skyline that was very low-key; now you have these 30-40 story high-rise towers in the center of the city geared towards high-end clientele. So this is not social housing; that is quite problematic. And while shiny new developments may attract investors and tourists, they often fail to help locals and can lead to more wealth disparity. This isn't as much of an issue in oil-exporting countries while resources remain plentiful, but it could cause issues long term when you have a society where inequality is high. Then this immediately will lead to social unrest, and social scientists will confirm that the Arab Spring was really a manifestation of that. Of course, it was brutally repressed and put down, so for the moment, things are sort of stable. But in the long run, I don't think that this will last for Muscat.

這個項目不僅僅是為了改善當?shù)鼐用竦淖》肯到y(tǒng)；它的許多住房是為外籍人士和游客準備的，因為這一大型項目也是阿曼旅游業(yè)發(fā)展計劃的關鍵部分。阿曼目前并沒有像一些鄰國那樣吸引到大量游客，但該國希望利用其風景如畫的環(huán)境和豐富的歷史遺跡來吸引游客。作為中東最古老的城市之一，阿曼比一些鄰國更安全、政治更穩(wěn)定。理論上，它不需要依靠華而不實的項目來吸引游客。
然而，一些人質(zhì)疑阿曼能否長期抵制模仿鄰國大都市如迪拜的誘惑。迪拜的魅力很難抵擋——它在該地區(qū)的城市想象中占有一席之地，人們看到迪拜和其他地區(qū)的發(fā)展，也想要利用這一點。但這種做法往往將國際投資置于當?shù)鼐用裰?。我?chuàng)造了“迪拜化”這個術語，它本質(zhì)上指的是迪拜推廣的某種城市發(fā)展模式，即從一張白紙開始，抹去過去所有存在的東西，并以一種基于短暫性和臨時性的方式重建——讓人們不是為了長期居住，而是為了一段時間。當然，這也包括建造所有這些摩天大樓、塔樓和壯觀的標志性建筑。
阿曼已經(jīng)在馬斯喀特規(guī)劃了額外的項目，比如這個13億美元的海濱開發(fā)項目。早期的效果圖顯示，這個開發(fā)項目可能包括比過去允許的更高的建筑。這將顯著改變馬斯喀特的天際線。你原本有一個非常低調(diào)的天際線，現(xiàn)在卻有了這些30-40層的高層塔樓，針對高端客戶。所以這不是社會住房；這是相當有問題的。雖然閃亮的新開發(fā)項目可能會吸引投資者和游客，但它們往往未能幫助當?shù)厝耍赡軐е赂蟮呢毟徊罹唷?br /> 在資源豐富的石油出口國，這不是一個大問題，但當你有一個不平等程度高的社會時，這將立即導致社會動蕩，社會科學家會確認阿拉伯之春確實是這種情況的體現(xiàn)。當然，它被殘酷地鎮(zhèn)壓和壓制，所以目前事情還算穩(wěn)定。但從長遠來看，我不認為這種情況會在馬斯喀特持續(xù)下去。

The question will be whether it can successfully maintain its local character as it navigates how to modernize, or whether plans like its new waterfront will fundamentally alter it in the direction of neighbors like Dubai. There is a way to try to reconcile these two tendencies—to both have the spectacular and the more intimate and human-scaled. I don't think that these have to be mutually exclusive. How can you achieve both? It's difficult.

接下來的問題是，它是否能夠成功地保持其本地特色，同時探索如何現(xiàn)代化，或者像其新海濱這樣的計劃是否會根本改變它，使其走向像迪拜這樣的鄰國。有一種方法可以嘗試調(diào)和這兩種趨勢——既要有壯觀的，又要有更親密和人性化的規(guī)模。我不認為這些必須是相互排斥的。你如何同時實現(xiàn)兩者？這很難。

@EZ1111
As someone who lived in Oman previously I am vehemently against this, Oman will lose its charm and adopt that fake Dubai aesthetic.

作為一個之前在阿曼生活過的人，我強烈反對這一點，阿曼將會失去它的魅力，轉(zhuǎn)而采用那種虛假的迪拜審美風格。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://nxnpts.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處

@sirkermitthefirstoffrogeth9622
I disagree, I think it's a more modern twist of the original architecture style that's already established.

我不同意，我認為這是對已經(jīng)建立的原始建筑風格的更現(xiàn)代化的演繹。

@oooshafiqooo
I think Oman would be more in line with European cities, just with modern architecture that would be more practical.

我認為阿曼將更符合歐洲城市的風格，只是采用更實用的現(xiàn)代建筑。

@Mayalovestosleep
@oooshafiqooo Oman does not have the slightest intention to be more "European".

阿曼沒有絲毫意圖變得更加“歐洲化”。

@oooshafiqooo
@Mayalovestosleep Well what I meant by European is their medium density grid system similar to Barcelona so saying European might be an overstatement.

我所說的“歐洲化”是指他們中等密度的網(wǎng)格系統(tǒng)，類似于巴塞羅那，所以說“歐洲化”可能有些言過其實。

@shafsteryellow
You're not Omani. Your opinion doesn't count.

你不是阿曼人。你的意見無關緊要。

@UltimatePokeGamer7
It will increase jobs, provide an alternative option for Dubai and Saudi and will increase GDP for the country. Yes, it will increase the number of foreigners into your city but unlike European countries, Oman is putting in place procedures to prevent overpopulation.

這將增加就業(yè)機會，為迪拜和沙特提供替代選擇，并將增加國家的GDP。是的，它會增加你城市的外國人數(shù)量，但與歐洲國家不同，阿曼正在實施程序以防止人口過剩。

@EZ1111
@shafsteryellow Can still voice my opinion mate there's nothing you can do about it!

我仍然可以表達我的觀點，伙計，你對此無能為力！

@flyonthewall_pro-edition
@Mayalovestosleep Similar to European cities which have old city centers and such... So if you want to find answers on how to integrate modern solutions to these circumstances; find out which cities did a good job and copy a thing or two.

類似于擁有古老市中心等的歐洲城市...所以如果你想找到如何將現(xiàn)代解決方案整合到這些情況下的答案；找出哪些城市做得好，然后模仿一兩個。

@nicelol5241
@oooshafiqooo Walkability is not exclusive to European cities.

步行友好性并非歐洲城市獨有。

@railboat1105
Ye it's like going against the grain, which is more attractive in the long run. Also the Dubai-esque lifestyle isn't often very sustainable and does not possess the charming tranquility Oman has, the fact that there is purely just low rises makes it feel more earthly and in tune with nature.

是的，這就像逆流而上，從長遠來看更具吸引力。此外，迪拜式的生活方式往往不可持續(xù)，并不擁有阿曼所擁有的迷人寧靜，那里純粹只有低層建筑，讓人感覺更接地氣，與自然和諧。

@doujinflip
If Muscat had Dubai's Metro it would be fantastic for easier access and global visibility, regardless of the character of Oman's future.

如果馬斯喀特有迪拜的地鐵，無論阿曼未來的特點如何，對于更容易的進出和全球可見度來說都是極好的。

Dubai ironically needs to follow Doha with its subway's size and reach if the emirate wants to remain attractive going forward.

具有諷刺意味的是，如果酋長國希望繼續(xù)保持吸引力，迪拜需要效仿多哈的地鐵規(guī)模和覆蓋范圍。

@ts-wo6pp
@Mayalovestosleep The renders showed mid-rise courtyard buildings laid out in a grid. This is literally what Barcelona is, as another commenter said.

渲染圖顯示的是中等高度的庭院建筑，以網(wǎng)格形式布局。這正是巴塞羅那的樣子，正如另一位評論者所說。

@amithajay9275
Man Dubai is just a city. I am living in UAE now. This country is much more than DUBAI. It's just that western and European countries and social media is obsessed with DUBAI to a point many thinks DUBAI is a country. Ajman, sharjah even old Dubai still maintain its charm.

迪拜只是一個城市。我現(xiàn)在住在阿聯(lián)酋。這個國家遠不止迪拜。只是西方和歐洲國家以及社交媒體對迪拜如此著迷，以至于許多人認為迪拜是一個國家。阿杰曼、沙迦甚至老迪拜仍然保持著它的魅力。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://nxnpts.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處

@Random.ChanneI
That looks simply amazing to live in.

看起來住在里面簡直太棒了。

@donovanyeboah4286
Neighborhoods in Queens & Brooklyn NY would be great places to get inspiration for this country. They have blocks of multi-family homes (and a lot of Muslim occupants) while still maintaining the allure of a city.

紐約皇后區(qū)和布魯克林的社區(qū)將是為這個國家尋找靈感的好地方。它們有多層家庭住宅區(qū)（以及許多穆斯林居民），同時仍然保持著城市的魅力。

@mhussainhamdulay1013
Finally finally finally a video on Oman I can't believe and that too my fav infra tech topic and this too 4 hrs ago only I really love Oman and its comparison to Dubai Oman is better wow.

終于終于終于有一個關于阿曼的視頻，我簡直不敢相信，而且還是我最喜愛的基礎設施技術話題，而且還是在4小時前，我真的很喜歡阿曼以及它與迪拜的比較，阿曼更好，哇。

@Iamfsaly
In Oman it's illegal to build a skyscraper.

在阿曼，建造摩天大樓是違法的。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://nxnpts.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處

@ziadalzaidi8648
No way!

不可能！
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://nxnpts.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處

@divinewind6313
May be in the past.

也許在過去。

@haneytr3s
A capital crime?

死罪？

@dotcom4389
if I was to build a mega project in Oman, I would build a mega city in Salalah.
its the most beautiful place.
I would make it 100% electric only too.
Most countries avoid mass projects in beautiful scenery but it kind of simplistic in saying not developing it because its beautiful. why not live there and help compliment it by building beautiful structure around it.
Look at lake Como.
The Italians have the right idea.
They built carefully and helping make it a paradise.
now lots of people enjoy it without damaging it. I think the housing and hotels make it even more attractive.

如果我在阿曼建造一個大型項目，我會在薩拉拉建造一個大城市。
這是最美麗的地方。
我也會讓它100%電動化。
大多數(shù)國家避免在美麗的風景中進行大規(guī)模項目，但簡單地說不開發(fā)它因為它美麗是有點過于簡化了。為什么不在那里居住并通過建造美麗的結(jié)構(gòu)來補充它呢？
看看科莫湖。
意大利人有正確的想法。
他們謹慎地建造，幫助使其成為天堂。
現(xiàn)在很多人在不破壞它的情況下享受它。我認為住房和酒店使它更具吸引力。

There's no point trying to keep it natural and not touch those areas. most countries have them so you cant really be unique in what you are offering in terms of scenery.
however hardly any city's except Como has it merged and therefore is unique.

試圖保持其自然狀態(tài)并不觸碰那些區(qū)域是沒有意義的。大多數(shù)國家都有這樣的風景，所以你在提供的景色方面無法真正獨特。
然而，除了科莫之外，幾乎沒有城市將其融合，因此它是獨一無二的。

@Masteryourself0
Every country is different calling a certain city "anti Dubai " Is dumb .. Seriously.. Why obsessed with Dubai..

每個國家都不同，稱某個城市為“迪拜的反面”是愚蠢的.. 說真的.. 為什么對迪拜如此著迷？

@benjamingrice7551
I love Oman!

我愛阿曼！

@jebbo-c1l
this seems alot smarter than other planned cities, anything to stop sprawl

這看起來比其他規(guī)劃的城市更聰明，任何東西都能阻止無序擴張

@OmarChishti-vj2wr
This reminds me of the Msheireb area in Doha, Qatar

這讓我想起了卡塔爾多哈的姆謝雷布地區(qū)

@mustafa.bakes.
WHY DONT MORE PEOPLE TALK ABOUT MSHEIREB

為什么沒有更多人談論姆謝雷布

@halitosis75
Oman is truly beautiful .
The previous king of Oman was a good man . Oman is the Switzerland of the ME. I reason why visitors stay away is the cost. Oman is a very expensive country to visit.

阿曼真的很美。
阿曼的前國王是個好人。阿曼是中東的瑞士。游客不來訪的原因是因為成本。阿曼是一個非常昂貴的旅游國家。

@_orodrigofernandes
To me, Dubai is like the Metaverse have materialized and people go there to take pictures and post on social media.

對我來說，迪拜就像元宇宙已經(jīng)實現(xiàn)，人們?nèi)ツ抢锱恼詹⒃谏缃幻襟w上發(fā)布。

@amithajay9275
But the truth is DUBAI is a city build for that purpose. But the country is much more than that. There are many traditional places in UAE. Even there is BUR DUBAI (old dubai) which has kept its tradition.

但事實是，迪拜是為那個目的建造的城市。但這個國家遠不止如此。阿聯(lián)酋有很多傳統(tǒng)的地方。甚至還有布爾迪拜（老迪拜），它保留了它的傳統(tǒng)。

@pyrho1
Nobody is going to want to hang around outside when its 45 degrees C outside

當外面45攝氏度時，沒有人會想在外面閑逛

@maj373
I would move to the city

我會搬到這個城市

@cliffwoodbury5319
A smart Idea for Oman may be to concentrate on tourist from the region who get tired of tourist and want a quieter vacation in a location with great things to do. What is needed is a Saudi Arabian road and rail transit corridor from the horn of Africa to Iran. That would solve the problems of tourists and still allow Oman and Yemen to keep the same look and feel (if they wish) while reaping far more financial benefits from all the passing traffic between Africa and Asia.

對阿曼的一個聰明的想法可能是專注于該地區(qū)的游客，他們厭倦了旅游，想要在一個有很多活動的地方安靜地度假。需要的是一條從非洲之角到伊朗的沙特阿拉伯公路和鐵路運輸走廊。這將解決游客的問題，同時允許阿曼和也門保持相同的外觀和感覺（如果他們愿意），同時從非洲和亞洲之間的所有過境交通中獲得更多的經(jīng)濟利益。

@ianhomerpura8937
Regarding the railways, iirc Oman is planning to build railway lines to lix itself to the UAE and Saudi Arabia. So far Oman hasn't started any construction activities.

關于鐵路，如果我沒記錯的話，阿曼計劃建造鐵路線將自己與阿聯(lián)酋和沙特阿拉伯連接起來。到目前為止，阿曼還沒有開始任何建設活動。

@EsfandiarNokhodaki
As an Iranian, it is really hard for me to see such a thing. I also live on the shores of the Gulf, I live in Bushehr province of Iran, maybe we have as much wealth as Qatar in this province. But because of sanctions and wrong policies, we cannot progress!!!

作為伊朗人，看到這樣的事情真的很難。我也住在海灣沿岸，我住在伊朗的布什爾省，也許我們這個省和卡塔爾一樣富有。但由于制裁和錯誤的政策，我們無法進步?。。?/b>