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Abubakarr S Bangura
Post-War Reconstruction and US Support
South Korea and Japan: Both countries received significant economic aid and support from the United States after World War II. The US played a crucial role in rebuilding Japan's economy through the Marshall Plan and facilitated South Korea's development after the Korean War.
South America: While the US has supported various regimes in South America, the nature of this support often focused on military and political stability rather than comprehensive economic development.

戰(zhàn)后重建與美國(guó)支持
韓國(guó)和日本：兩國(guó)在二戰(zhàn)后都得到了美國(guó)的顯著經(jīng)濟(jì)援助和支持。美國(guó)通過(guò)馬歇爾計(jì)劃在重建日本經(jīng)濟(jì)方面發(fā)揮了關(guān)鍵作用，并在朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后促進(jìn)了韓國(guó)的發(fā)展。
南美洲：雖然美國(guó)支持了南美洲的各種政權(quán)，但這種支持往往側(cè)重于軍事和政治穩(wěn)定，而不是全面的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。

South Korea and Japan: Both countries implemented strong industrial policies focused on export-led growth, technological advancement, and education. Japan's post-war economic miracle was driven by government-led industrial policy, while South Korea's development was fueled by the government's collaboration with large conglomerates (chaebols).
South America: Economic policies in many South American countries have been inconsistent and often influenced by political instability. There has been a reliance on commodity exports, which are vulnerable to price fluctuations, rather than diversified industrial development.

韓國(guó)和日本：兩國(guó)實(shí)施了強(qiáng)有力的工業(yè)政策，注重出口導(dǎo)向增長(zhǎng)、技術(shù)進(jìn)步和教育。日本的戰(zhàn)后經(jīng)濟(jì)奇跡由政府主導(dǎo)的工業(yè)政策推動(dòng)，而韓國(guó)的發(fā)展則依賴于政府與大型財(cái)團(tuán)（財(cái)閥）的合作。
南美洲：許多南美洲國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策不穩(wěn)定，并且常受到政治動(dòng)蕩的影響。經(jīng)濟(jì)過(guò)于依賴商品出口，這些商品的價(jià)格波動(dòng)較大，而不是多樣化的工業(yè)發(fā)展。

Luis Rojas
The USA allowed things that in Latin America would have generated the fall of the governments of the region (excluding Mexico and Cuba)
does not take away the achievement and qualities of the eastern countries

美國(guó)允許在拉丁美洲發(fā)生的事情在該地區(qū)會(huì)導(dǎo)致政府的垮臺(tái)（墨西哥和古巴除外），這并不減損東亞國(guó)家的成就和優(yōu)勢(shì)。

Noborizaka Ken
South Korea received a large amount of aid from Japan. The calyx is worth a whopping 100 trillion yen.
This amount is almost the same as Japan's current national budget, and if South Korea were to repay its debt, the country would be destroyed.

韓國(guó)從日本獲得了大量援助，這筆援助高達(dá)100萬(wàn)億日元。這一金額幾乎與日本當(dāng)前的國(guó)家預(yù)算相同，如果韓國(guó)要償還這筆債務(wù)，可能會(huì)對(duì)該國(guó)造成嚴(yán)重影響。

Justin H
The economic answers regarding conglomerates are all accurate and mostly correct. I think the big thing missing is com...st influence. We, the US, controleld the theater after world war II. And we fought com...st incursions in the area, win or lose, pretty much to a stalemate in most cases. In South America, then com...sts had already infiltrated, or at least materially supported a LOT of the governments in the area, so the CIA felt it necessary to change those governments. Unfortunately the leading contenders for regime change were corrupt warlord types who supported external conglomerates, not local, (google that banana company), and left their countries utterly corrupt and broken.

關(guān)于財(cái)團(tuán)的經(jīng)濟(jì)分析都是準(zhǔn)確的，基本上是正確的。我認(rèn)為缺少的關(guān)鍵因素是共產(chǎn)主義的影響。我們，美國(guó)，在二戰(zhàn)后控制了局勢(shì)。我們?cè)谠摰貐^(qū)與共產(chǎn)主義勢(shì)力進(jìn)行了斗爭(zhēng)，無(wú)論勝負(fù)，大多數(shù)情況下都達(dá)到了僵持狀態(tài)。在南美洲，當(dāng)時(shí)共產(chǎn)主義者已經(jīng)滲透，或者至少在物質(zhì)上支持了該地區(qū)的許多政府，因此CIA覺(jué)得有必要更換這些政府。不幸的是，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)更換政權(quán)的主要競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者往往是腐敗的軍閥類型，他們支持外部財(cái)團(tuán)而非本地企業(yè)（可以搜索一下那個(gè)香蕉公司），最終使他們的國(guó)家變得極其腐敗和破碎。

Larry Fergus
Ask yourself just how it is in the interests of the US for those countries to turn out the way they do.
The US policy after WW2 was to be the best friend Japan and Germany ever had. They went from having been bombed to rubble, to having preeminent industrial economies.
So, what about Latin America? Well, part of the problem was resources that the US wanted. When Latin American leaders put the interests of their people over the interests of US corporations, the US found ways to make those leaders disappear from power.

問(wèn)問(wèn)自己，為什么這些國(guó)家會(huì)以這種方式發(fā)展對(duì)美國(guó)有什么利益。二戰(zhàn)后，美國(guó)的政策是成為日本和德國(guó)最好的朋友。他們從曾經(jīng)的廢墟中恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)，成為了領(lǐng)先的工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體。
那么，拉丁美洲呢？問(wèn)題的一部分在于資源，這些資源是美國(guó)想要的。當(dāng)拉丁美洲領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人把他們?nèi)嗣竦睦嬷糜诿绹?guó)公司的利益之上時(shí)，美國(guó)找到了讓這些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人失去權(quán)力的方法。

I don’t think the US ever felt it needed to court South American countries. The US has been far and away the dominant power in the Western hemisphere. If a country like Brazil could get its act together for long enough to become a competitor to the US, and start to exert some hegemony in Latin America, you might see a very different policy develop on the part of the United States.

我認(rèn)為美國(guó)從未覺(jué)得需要討好南美國(guó)家。美國(guó)在西半球一直是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)主導(dǎo)的力量。如果像巴西這樣的國(guó)家能夠長(zhǎng)時(shí)間穩(wěn)定下來(lái)，成為美國(guó)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手，并開(kāi)始在拉丁美洲施加某種霸權(quán)，你可能會(huì)看到美國(guó)采取截然不同的政策。

Shivam Rajbhar
I’ll focus on South Korea because their story is even more dramatic than Japan’s, although both countries employed a very similar strategy.
South Korea literally rose from the ashes to become one of the richest countries in the world today. In 1955 their per-capita GDP was $64; today it’s around $30,000, an increase of almost 500-FOLD.
They went from this:

我將專注于韓國(guó)，因?yàn)樗麄兊墓适卤热毡镜墓适赂討騽』?，盡管這兩個(gè)國(guó)家都采用了非常相似的策略。韓國(guó)名副其實(shí)地從灰燼中崛起，成為當(dāng)今世界上最富有的國(guó)家之一。1955年，他們的人均GDP為64美元；而今天約為30,000美元，增加了近500倍。

To this in a single generation:

在一個(gè)世代內(nèi)從這個(gè)狀態(tài)變成了這樣：

How?
The answer lies with the chaebols, family-run conglomerates that dominate the South Korean economy. In the U.S. and Europe we’re all familiar with Samsung phones and Hyundai cars, but within S. Korea itself these companies reach into every corner of day-to-day life.
Let’s look at Samsung, the most famous chaebol that makes up almost 15% of South Korea’s economy.

怎么做到的呢？答案在于財(cái)閥——這些家族經(jīng)營(yíng)的企業(yè)集團(tuán)主導(dǎo)了韓國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)。在美國(guó)和歐洲，我們都熟悉三星手機(jī)和現(xiàn)代汽車，但在韓國(guó)，這些公司滲透到了日常生活的方方面面。我們來(lái)看看三星，這個(gè)最著名的財(cái)閥，占據(jù)了韓國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)近15%。

You can get a university degree at Samsung-affiliated Sungkyunkwan University, then get a job at Samsung and move into your new apartment at Samsung Tower Palace which is equipped with a Samsung-manufactured home security system, air conditioner, TV, refrigerator, oven and microwave. When you get sick you can get treated at Samsung Medical Center in the Gangnam district in Seoul. When you want to get married you can do so at a Samsung-owned venue, and when it’s time to retire you can go to a Samsung retirement home. When your time is up, your funeral arrangements can be handled by a Samsung funeral parlor.

你可以在三星附屬的成均館大學(xué)獲得大學(xué)學(xué)位，然后在三星找到一份工作，并搬進(jìn)你在三星大廈宮殿的新公寓，那里配備了三星制造的家庭安全系統(tǒng)、空調(diào)、電視、冰箱、烤箱和微波。當(dāng)您生病時(shí)，您可以在首爾江南區(qū)的三星醫(yī)療中心接受治療。當(dāng)你想結(jié)婚時(shí)，你可以在三星擁有的場(chǎng)所結(jié)婚，到了退休的時(shí)候，你可以去三星的養(yǎng)老院。當(dāng)您的時(shí)間到了，您的葬禮安排可以由三星殯儀館處理。

The chaebols expanded their influence during the Park Chung-hee era. Park was a military dictator who ruled South Korea from 1961 until his assassination in 1979. The companies were designated for special treatment by the government in order to jump start industrialization and modernize South Korea’s economy. A number of strategies were employed: the firms were protected from foreign competition through tariffs, and given loan guarantees which enabled them to invest and build new factories. Government economic policy favored exports in order to gain foreign capital for further investment. Over time, repeated investment enabled the chaebols to move up the value-added chain, producing more complex, sophisticated products that enabled these companies to then compete directly with their American and European competitors.

財(cái)閥在樸正熙時(shí)代擴(kuò)大了他們的影響力。樸槿惠是韓國(guó)的軍事獨(dú)裁者，從1961年統(tǒng)治韓國(guó)直到1979年被刺殺。為了啟動(dòng)工業(yè)化和現(xiàn)代化韓國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)，政府對(duì)這些公司給予了特別待遇。采取了多種策略：通過(guò)關(guān)稅保護(hù)這些公司免受外國(guó)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，并提供貸款擔(dān)保，使它們能夠投資并建設(shè)新工廠。政府經(jīng)濟(jì)政策傾向于支持出口，以獲取外國(guó)資本進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步投資。隨著時(shí)間的推移，反復(fù)投資使財(cái)閥能夠向上移動(dòng)到附加值鏈的更高層次，生產(chǎn)出更復(fù)雜、更精密的產(chǎn)品，從而使這些公司能夠直接與美國(guó)和歐洲的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。

You can see this most easily with cars. Early Korean imports from Hyundai and Kia were in the low-end segments of the market, compacts and mid-sized sedans. An obsessive focus on reliability enabled them to gain new customers, and supply chain efficiency made them profitable in a low-margin segment of the market. As they got better they started to compete in the more profitable, upper end of the market: SUV’s, luxury sedans and hybrids.

這在汽車領(lǐng)域最為明顯。早期，現(xiàn)代和起亞的韓國(guó)進(jìn)口車主要集中在市場(chǎng)的低端段位，如緊湊型車和中型轎車。對(duì)可靠性的極度關(guān)注使它們贏得了新客戶，而供應(yīng)鏈的高效性則讓它們?cè)诘屠麧?rùn)市場(chǎng)中獲得了盈利。隨著技術(shù)的提升，它們開(kāi)始進(jìn)入利潤(rùn)更高的市場(chǎng)高端領(lǐng)域：SUV、豪華轎車和混合動(dòng)力車。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://nxnpts.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處

This symbiotic relationship between government and business, coupled with the insane work ethic of the Korean people, is what transformed South Korea into the country we know today. The U.S. contribution to this was military. By providing protection through the U.S. / South Korea Mutual Defense Treaty, South Korea was shielded from external threats and given the stability needed for the country to develop. But the bulk of the credit has to go to the Korean people and their leaders, including Park, a brutal dictator who nevertheless set the stage for the remarkable rise of the chaebols.

政府與企業(yè)之間的這種共生關(guān)系，加上韓國(guó)人民驚人的工作倫理，塑造了今天我們所知的韓國(guó)。美國(guó)在其中的貢獻(xiàn)是軍事方面的。通過(guò)美韓共同防御條約，美國(guó)提供了保護(hù)，使韓國(guó)免受外部威脅，并為國(guó)家的發(fā)展提供了必要的穩(wěn)定。然而，主要的功勞還是要?dú)w功于韓國(guó)人民及其領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，包括樸正熙，盡管他是一個(gè)殘酷的獨(dú)裁者，但他仍然為財(cái)閥的顯著崛起奠定了基礎(chǔ)。

Bottom line: the nations of South America have not done as well in marshaling their people and resources. Poor political leadership, lack of coherent strategy in economic policy, corruption, the drug trade, inadequate resources devoted to education are all factors that come into play. Compare this to South Korea: ALL of South Korean society, beginning in the 1950’s, focused like a laser beam on one goal, creating a prosperous society. The nations of South America…didn’t.

總的來(lái)說(shuō)，南美國(guó)家在調(diào)動(dòng)其人民和資源方面做得不如韓國(guó)。糟糕的政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、不連貫的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策、腐敗、毒品貿(mào)易、以及教育資源不足等因素都起了作用。相比之下，從1950年代開(kāi)始，整個(gè)韓國(guó)社會(huì)像激光一樣聚焦于一個(gè)目標(biāo)——?jiǎng)?chuàng)造一個(gè)繁榮的社會(huì)。南美國(guó)家則沒(méi)有做到這一點(diǎn)。

There are downsides to the Korean strategy that are causing a great deal of suffering among her people, which is why many young S. Koreans refer to their country as “Hell Joseon” (Joseon was an ancient dynasty that ruled the Korean peninsula until the late 19th century). The competitive pressures of South Korean society have created one of the highest suicide rates in the world and a rate of poverty among the elderly of almost 50%.
So while the people of South America may not be as materially prosperous, they don’t live in a pressure cooker society where everyone is constantly being pushed to succeed and looked down upon if they don’t.
**Edit** Thank you very much everyone for your upvotes and shares! I’m glad you found the answer useful!**

韓國(guó)戰(zhàn)略的副作用正在給她的人民帶來(lái)極大的痛苦，這也是為什么許多年輕的韓國(guó)人稱自己的國(guó)家為“地獄朝鮮”（朝鮮是一個(gè)古代王朝，直到19世紀(jì)末統(tǒng)治朝鮮半島）。韓國(guó)社會(huì)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)壓力造成了世界上自殺率最高的國(guó)家之一，老年人的貧困率接近 50%。
所以，雖然南美洲人民可能沒(méi)有那么富裕，但他們不生活在一個(gè)壓力巨大的社會(huì)中，那里每個(gè)人都被不斷推向成功，如果他們不成功，就會(huì)被人瞧不起。

Steve Cho
As someone who was first generation American in the 1960’s, I constantly got the question, “Are you Chinese or Japanese?”
I would answer, “My parents came from Korea”.
Then they would say, “But are you Chinese or Japanese?”
It wasn’t very funny back then, but I can laugh about it today. Nobody knew who Korea was and now everyone knows.

作為1960年代的第一代美國(guó)人，我常常被問(wèn)到：“你是中國(guó)人還是日本人？”我會(huì)回答：“我的父母來(lái)自韓國(guó)。”然后他們會(huì)說(shuō)：“那你到底是中國(guó)人還是日本人？”那時(shí)這并不好笑，但現(xiàn)在我可以笑出來(lái)了。那時(shí)候沒(méi)人知道韓國(guó)是什么，現(xiàn)在每個(gè)人都知道了。

Here’s my view of Korean success and why their growth rate has surpassed the United States: Korea has an industrial policy and we have economic theory. The Korean industrial policy revolved around better education, entrepreneurship and infrastructure. I went to Korea to have my capital equipment built and one of the managers there said to me, “I know why you’re here; you couldn’t get it built in America.” I wanted to say something… then said he was right. They’ll do it for 30% less in half the time. I want a part built, I go down to Busan. Machine shops galore. I was working on a joint project and the guy told me we can put in to the government and get funding. Can’t do that in the US unless it’s for military, a loan or private investment.

這是我對(duì)韓國(guó)成功的看法，以及為什么他們的增長(zhǎng)率超過(guò)了美國(guó)：韓國(guó)有一套工業(yè)政策，而我們則有經(jīng)濟(jì)理論。韓國(guó)的工業(yè)政策集中在更好的教育、創(chuàng)業(yè)和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施上。我去韓國(guó)制造我的資本設(shè)備時(shí)，那里的一個(gè)經(jīng)理對(duì)我說(shuō)：“我知道你為什么來(lái)這里；在美國(guó)你無(wú)法制造?！蔽蚁胝f(shuō)些什么……然后承認(rèn)他說(shuō)的對(duì)。他們能以少30%的成本和一半的時(shí)間完成。我需要一部分零件，就去釜山。那里有大量的機(jī)械廠。我在做一個(gè)聯(lián)合項(xiàng)目時(shí)，那個(gè)人告訴我，我們可以向政府申請(qǐng)資金。在美國(guó)這做不到，除非是軍事、貸款或私人投資。

In the United States we have economic theory. Flow to the top and hope it trickles down (it doesn’t). Flow it to the bottom and hope people rise up (it’s not happening). We need another economic option.

在美國(guó)，我們有經(jīng)濟(jì)理論。把資源流向頂層，期望它會(huì)向下滲透（但實(shí)際上沒(méi)有）。把資源流向底層，期望人們能向上爬升（這也沒(méi)發(fā)生）。我們需要另一種經(jīng)濟(jì)選擇。

Peter Hoffmann
I wouldn’t put Chile in the same boat as the other South American countries. The economic system is based on Milton Friedman’s Free-to-Choose model. As a matter of fact, the economic advisors during the Pinochet regime came from the University of Chicago. The robust economy is more than just mineral exports, which make Chile the only Latin American country in which its citizens enjoy visa-waiver entry into the United States.

我不會(huì)把智利和其他南美國(guó)家放在同一個(gè)籃子里。智利的經(jīng)濟(jì)體系基于米爾頓·弗里德曼的“自由選擇”模型。事實(shí)上，皮諾切特政權(quán)時(shí)期的經(jīng)濟(jì)顧問(wèn)來(lái)自芝加哥大學(xué)。強(qiáng)健的經(jīng)濟(jì)不僅僅依賴礦產(chǎn)出口，這使得智利成為唯一一個(gè)其公民可以免簽進(jìn)入美國(guó)的拉丁美洲國(guó)家。

The infrastructure is top notch, and the earthquake building code follows California engineering practices with an added margin of safety. Law enforcement’s job is to protect and not collect. Don’t even think of bribing a cop down there. There are issues with cocaine, especially in western Santiago, but this is an Andean land bordering countries where coca leaf consumption is part of the culture.
As a bonus, the night sky is unsurpassable. If you ever plan of to move down there, get yourself a telescope.

基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施一流，地震建筑規(guī)范遵循加州的工程實(shí)踐，并增加了安全邊際。執(zhí)法部門的職責(zé)是保護(hù)而不是敲詐。別想著賄賂那里的警察。盡管在圣地亞哥西部有可卡因問(wèn)題，但這是一個(gè)安第斯地區(qū)的國(guó)家，與那些可卡因葉消費(fèi)文化相關(guān)的國(guó)家接壤。
作為額外的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，夜空是無(wú)與倫比的。如果你計(jì)劃搬到那里，記得帶上望遠(yuǎn)鏡。

Alicia Parmiter
I worked with a couple of guys from South Korea. Nice people, really kind. They commented that in their home country, people were expected to finish high school, go straight to university to get not only a degree but either a masters or do honours, plus a couple of years military duty. They thought it was a bit too much to only be starting their careers when they were close to thirty; they wanted to start enjoying life while they were still young.

我和幾位來(lái)自韓國(guó)的朋友共事過(guò)。他們都很友好、非常善良。他們提到在他們的祖國(guó)，人們被期望完成高中學(xué)業(yè)后直接進(jìn)入大學(xué)，不僅要獲得學(xué)位，還要取得碩士學(xué)位或榮譽(yù)學(xué)位，再加上幾年的軍役。他們覺(jué)得這樣一來(lái)，接近三十歲才開(kāi)始職業(yè)生涯有點(diǎn)過(guò)于苛刻，他們希望在年輕時(shí)就能開(kāi)始享受生活。

xitong Zou
70% of Koreans hold some form of tertiary education. Think about that. That’s just incredible. America is more around 30% and Canada around 40%. China around 20%. You can see from their highly educated population and competitive society that they pretty much always strive for perfection.

70%的韓國(guó)人擁有某種形式的高等教育。想想看，這真是令人難以置信。美國(guó)大約為30%，加拿大約為40%，中國(guó)大約為20%。從他們高度教育化的社會(huì)和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的環(huán)境中可以看出，他們幾乎總是追求完美。

Manuel Iniesta
The US never backed South America's development, though they dearly supported loyal strong men and dictatorships who cared for the US local interests for them.
The region's local leadership quality rarely matched Eastern Asia's, but on the other hand, Japan and Korea were allowed to have strong nationalist, state capitalism governments (like Taiwan, it should be mentioned) as long they were reliable allies against the com...st powers.
The funny thing is that desarrollistas economists like Prebisch were well read and aplied at Korea.

美國(guó)從未支持過(guò)南美的發(fā)展，盡管他們非常支持那些忠于美國(guó)的強(qiáng)人和獨(dú)裁者，這些人關(guān)心的是美國(guó)在當(dāng)?shù)氐睦妗?br /> 該地區(qū)地方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層的素質(zhì)很少能與東亞相提并論，但另一方面，只要日本和韓國(guó)是對(duì)抗共產(chǎn)主義列強(qiáng)的可靠盟友，它們就可以擁有強(qiáng)大的民族主義、國(guó)家資本主義政府（如臺(tái)灣（地區(qū)））。
有趣的是，像 Prebisch 這樣的發(fā)展主義經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家在韓國(guó)受到了很好的教育和應(yīng)用。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://nxnpts.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處

vid Peters
I agree with this. South America's value to the developed world was as a producer of cheap agrarian goods. South Korea and Japan both benefitted from the US needing industrial bases in Asia to fight the Korean war and later Vietnam. In addition, the cold war meant that didn't want to lose any other countries to Com...ism.
That said, cultural factors were also incredibly important. Both Japan and Korea both existed as centralised nations prior to contact with the west. South American society and hierarchies were obliterated by contact with the west and were basically rebuilt to serve western economies meaning that in the 20th century they lacked the sense of national feeling and centralised authority present in Japan and Korea

我同意這一點(diǎn)。南美洲對(duì)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的價(jià)值在于生產(chǎn)廉價(jià)的農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)品。韓國(guó)和日本都受益于美國(guó)需要在亞洲建立工業(yè)基地，以應(yīng)對(duì)朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和后來(lái)的越南戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。此外，冷戰(zhàn)也意味著美國(guó)不希望將其他國(guó)家拱手讓給共產(chǎn)主義。不過(guò)，文化因素也非常重要。日本和韓國(guó)在與西方接觸之前都存在中央集權(quán)的國(guó)家體制，而南美洲的社會(huì)和等級(jí)制度在與西方接觸后被摧毀，基本上被重建以服務(wù)于西方經(jīng)濟(jì)，這導(dǎo)致在20世紀(jì)，他們?nèi)狈θ毡竞晚n國(guó)所擁有的國(guó)家認(rèn)同感和中央集權(quán)的權(quán)威。

Nacho Talens
Because they are not US-backed. They are Anglo-Saxon exploited. Every year Canadian mining companies extract from Mexico and Peru almost twice as much gold and silver than Spain extracted in 300 years. Plus Spain invested 80% of the gold and silver in the vice-royalties.

因?yàn)樗麄儧](méi)有得到美國(guó)的支持。他們受到盎格魯-撒克遜人的剝削。每年，加拿大的礦業(yè)公司從墨西哥和秘魯提取的黃金和白銀幾乎是西班牙300年提取量的兩倍。此外，西班牙在副王轄區(qū)投資了80%的黃金和白銀。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://nxnpts.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處

Ricky Tjahyadi
Simple answer because they’re hard working people, they don’t just expect their government to look after them, i mean their government are not corrupt like a lot of South American countries unfortunately. Also their hi education system and willingness to work hard delivered them to where they are today

簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)，是因?yàn)樗麄兦趭^工作，他們不僅僅依賴政府來(lái)照顧自己。我的意思是，他們的政府不像很多南美國(guó)家那樣腐敗。再加上他們的高等教育系統(tǒng)和勤奮的工作態(tài)度，使他們達(dá)到了今天的成就。

Masa
The fundamental reason may be the huge difference in education levels. Below are the 2018 PISA rankings, both Japan and South Korea are ranked highly. In contrast, countries in South America are almost all ranked lower.
As you know, high scientific and technological capabilities are very important for the development of a country. Naturally, a high level of education in the scientific field is extremely important to ensure a high level of scientific and technological competence.
I consider the biggest factor is that there is a huge gap between South American countries and Japan and Korea in terms of the level of education in these scientific fields.

根本原因可能是教育水平的巨大差異。以下是2018年的PISA排名，日本和韓國(guó)排名都很高。相比之下，南美洲國(guó)家的排名幾乎都比較靠后。
眾所周知，較高水平的科學(xué)和技術(shù)能力對(duì)國(guó)家的發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。自然，科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的高水平教育對(duì)于確?？茖W(xué)和技術(shù)能力的高水平極為重要。我認(rèn)為最大因素是南美國(guó)家在這些科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的教育水平與日本和韓國(guó)之間存在巨大的差距。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://nxnpts.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處

Mad Corean
There was a high restriction on education for Koreans. There was such a high illiteracy rate because parents didn't want their children to get brainwashed at Japanese schools. They rather be illiterate than traitors, and sought to educate from other means. Even before the occupation, education was restricted to higher classes.

韓國(guó)曾經(jīng)對(duì)教育有很高的限制。由于父母不希望孩子在日本學(xué)校被洗腦，文盲率非常高。他們寧愿保持文盲，也不愿意成為叛徒，選擇從其他途徑進(jìn)行教育。即使在占領(lǐng)之前，教育也僅限于較高的階層。

When the U.S beat Japan, that all changed. Koreans showed a huge appetite for knowledge. They showed this in appreciation to U.S military training. Even prior, Koreans usually went to Ivy league schools when studying in the U.S. The pursuit of education is a staple of modern Korean culture now because of the previous environment.

當(dāng)美國(guó)擊敗日本后，這一切發(fā)生了變化。韓國(guó)人展現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)烈的求知欲。他們對(duì)美國(guó)軍事訓(xùn)練表示了高度的認(rèn)可。即便在此之前，韓國(guó)人通常會(huì)去美國(guó)的常春藤名校學(xué)習(xí)。由于之前的環(huán)境，追求教育已經(jīng)成為現(xiàn)代韓國(guó)文化的重要組成部分。

Jorge Beyaz
Because that country of the gringos hate the language spanish , they don't want to see spanish nations to prosper as the same as what did they did to the Philippines thet used to speak Spanish and the gringos came and took away from them the saw spanish as bad influence

因?yàn)槟切癵ringos”（指的是美國(guó)人）厭惡西班牙語(yǔ)，他們不希望西班牙語(yǔ)國(guó)家像他們對(duì)待菲律賓那樣繁榮。菲律賓曾經(jīng)講西班牙語(yǔ)，但美國(guó)人來(lái)了，把西班牙語(yǔ)從他們的生活中奪走了，他們認(rèn)為西班牙語(yǔ)對(duì)菲律賓的影響不好。

Robert Wright
Japan and ROK have Japanese and Korean cultures. South America has South American cultures. That is the non-PC-clouded truth and answer.

日本和韓國(guó)各自有日本和韓國(guó)文化。南美洲有南美洲文化。這就是未被政治正確遮蔽的真實(shí)答案。

Gregory Norton
Differences in cultures.
For example, Spain and Portugal are the poorest nations in Western Europe (per capita).
South American nations have Spanish or Portuguese (Brazil) cultures; as in Spain and Portugal those cultures are less conducive to prosperity than nearby cultures and evidently less conducive to prosperity than the cultures of S. Korea and Japan.
President Wilson sent the Marines into some South American nations “to teach them to have good governments”, further impoverishing them. U.S. backing does not seem to enhance the prosperity of Spanish culture.

文化的差異。例如，西班牙和葡萄牙是西歐最貧窮的國(guó)家（按人均計(jì)算）。南美洲國(guó)家有西班牙或葡萄牙（巴西）的文化；在西班牙和葡萄牙，這些文化比鄰近的文化更不利于繁榮，而顯然也比韓國(guó)和日本的文化更不利于繁榮。威爾遜總統(tǒng)曾派遣海軍陸戰(zhàn)隊(duì)進(jìn)入一些南美洲國(guó)家“教他們?nèi)绾螕碛辛己玫恼?，進(jìn)一步加劇了他們的貧困。美國(guó)的支持似乎沒(méi)有增強(qiáng)西班牙文化的繁榮。

為什么韓國(guó)和日本如此繁榮，而歷史上受到美國(guó)支持的南美國(guó)家政權(quán)卻如此貧困？

為什么韓國(guó)和日本如此繁榮，而歷史上受到美國(guó)支持的南美國(guó)家政權(quán)卻如此貧困？