古代中國和朝鮮是什么關(guān)系？中國是否曾征服過朝鮮？如果有，他們的統(tǒng)治持續(xù)了多久？
What was the relationship between ancient China and Korea? Did China ever invade or conquer Korea, and if so, how long did their rule last?
譯文簡(jiǎn)介
網(wǎng)友：很多西方人不明白Korea是什么意思，他們認(rèn)為Korea代表朝鮮半島，是一個(gè)地理概念......
正文翻譯
@Aya Shawn
Living in Singapore, professional investorJul 16
Asking questions about Asian history in English
There are always many misunderstandings and misconceptions.
Many Westerners do not understand what Korea means. They think that Korea stands for the Korean Peninsula and is a geographical concept.
They think that the country that is good at semiconductors and pop culture today is called South Korea. In fact, this is just their English name. The official name of this country is named in Chinese: 韓(Han), and this name comes from 2,000 years ago when the word ‘Korea’ did not even exist.
Living in Singapore, professional investorJul 16
Asking questions about Asian history in English
There are always many misunderstandings and misconceptions.
Many Westerners do not understand what Korea means. They think that Korea stands for the Korean Peninsula and is a geographical concept.
They think that the country that is good at semiconductors and pop culture today is called South Korea. In fact, this is just their English name. The official name of this country is named in Chinese: 韓(Han), and this name comes from 2,000 years ago when the word ‘Korea’ did not even exist.
In fact, ‘Korea’ is just the Latin pronunciation of ‘Goryeo’. It has a very short history. In the historical context, it refers to the Kingdom of Goryeo, which ruled the Korean Peninsula from 918 to 1392 AD.
There are many regimes like Goryeo in the Korean Peninsula. They controlled different historical periods and had different names.
用英語詢問有關(guān)亞洲歷史的問題
總是存在很多誤解和錯(cuò)誤觀念。
很多西方人不明白Korea是什么意思，他們認(rèn)為Korea代表朝鮮半島，是一個(gè)地理概念。
他們以為，如今擅長(zhǎng)半導(dǎo)體和流行文化的國家叫South Korea。其實(shí)，這只是他們的英文名字。這個(gè)國家的正式名稱只能用中文：韓（讀Han），而這個(gè)名字來自2000年前，當(dāng)時(shí)“Korea”這個(gè)詞甚至還不存在。
其實(shí)“Korea”只是“Goryeo”的拉丁語發(fā)音，這個(gè)詞的歷史很短，在歷史語境中，是指公元918年至1392年統(tǒng)治朝鮮半島的高麗王國。
朝鮮半島有很多像高麗這樣的政權(quán)，它們統(tǒng)治著不同的歷史時(shí)期，有著不同的名稱。
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There are many regimes like Goryeo in the Korean Peninsula. They controlled different historical periods and had different names.
用英語詢問有關(guān)亞洲歷史的問題
總是存在很多誤解和錯(cuò)誤觀念。
很多西方人不明白Korea是什么意思，他們認(rèn)為Korea代表朝鮮半島，是一個(gè)地理概念。
他們以為，如今擅長(zhǎng)半導(dǎo)體和流行文化的國家叫South Korea。其實(shí)，這只是他們的英文名字。這個(gè)國家的正式名稱只能用中文：韓（讀Han），而這個(gè)名字來自2000年前，當(dāng)時(shí)“Korea”這個(gè)詞甚至還不存在。
其實(shí)“Korea”只是“Goryeo”的拉丁語發(fā)音，這個(gè)詞的歷史很短，在歷史語境中，是指公元918年至1392年統(tǒng)治朝鮮半島的高麗王國。
朝鮮半島有很多像高麗這樣的政權(quán)，它們統(tǒng)治著不同的歷史時(shí)期，有著不同的名稱。
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During the Goryeo period, China was in a state of great division, and there was no large country that ruled China. The north of China was controlled by the Liao Dynasty, and the south was controlled by the Song Dynasty. In the later period, the Yuan Dynasty unified China, and Goryeo surrendered to the Yuan Dynasty and became a vassal state of the Yuan Dynasty.
But whether it was during the period of division or the Yuan Dynasty, the regime from China never controlled Goryeo, and Goryeo was relatively an independent country.
If the meaning of Korea is taken as a geographical concept, it involves a long historical period, at least more than 2,000 years. Going back in time, during the Western Han Dynasty in China, the Chinese emperor once directly controlled the Korean Peninsula. The famous Emperor Wu of Han conquered the Korean Peninsula.
高麗時(shí)期，中國處于大分裂狀態(tài)，沒有一個(gè)大國統(tǒng)治中國。中國北方被遼朝控制，南方被宋朝控制。后期元朝統(tǒng)一中國，高麗臣服于元朝，成為元朝的藩屬國。
但無論是分裂時(shí)期，還是元朝時(shí)期，來自中國的政權(quán)從未控制過高麗，高麗是一個(gè)相對(duì)獨(dú)立的國家。
如果把Korea的含義作為一個(gè)地理概念來理解，那么它涉及的歷史時(shí)期很長(zhǎng)，至少有2000多年。往前追溯，在中國西漢時(shí)期，中國皇帝曾直接控制朝鮮半島。著名的漢武帝征服了朝鮮半島。
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But whether it was during the period of division or the Yuan Dynasty, the regime from China never controlled Goryeo, and Goryeo was relatively an independent country.
If the meaning of Korea is taken as a geographical concept, it involves a long historical period, at least more than 2,000 years. Going back in time, during the Western Han Dynasty in China, the Chinese emperor once directly controlled the Korean Peninsula. The famous Emperor Wu of Han conquered the Korean Peninsula.
高麗時(shí)期，中國處于大分裂狀態(tài)，沒有一個(gè)大國統(tǒng)治中國。中國北方被遼朝控制，南方被宋朝控制。后期元朝統(tǒng)一中國，高麗臣服于元朝，成為元朝的藩屬國。
但無論是分裂時(shí)期，還是元朝時(shí)期，來自中國的政權(quán)從未控制過高麗，高麗是一個(gè)相對(duì)獨(dú)立的國家。
如果把Korea的含義作為一個(gè)地理概念來理解，那么它涉及的歷史時(shí)期很長(zhǎng)，至少有2000多年。往前追溯，在中國西漢時(shí)期，中國皇帝曾直接控制朝鮮半島。著名的漢武帝征服了朝鮮半島。
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In 109 BC, Emperor Wu of Han, Liu Che, sent troops to conquer Korea in the east, and after two years of fighting, he destroyed Wei Man Joseon. Four state, Lelang, Xuantu, Zhenfan, and Lintun, were established, collectively known as the Four Han states. The Han Dynasty ruled the area north of the Han River on the Korean Peninsula. In 82 BC, the Han Dynasty merged the two states of Lintun and Zhenfan into the two states of Lelang and Xuantu. The seat of Lelang state is today's Pyongyang; Xuantu state is in today's Hamhung.
This is a rare period of direct control over the Korean Peninsula in Chinese history.
In subsequent Chinese history, when China was in a state of division and decline, the regime on the Korean Peninsula often became an independent country. When China was unified and powerful, the regimes on the Korean Peninsula usually existed as vassal states. For most of the time, the dynasties on the Korean Peninsula maintained good relations with the dynasties in the Central Plains, and wars and confrontations also occurred in a few historical periods.
In any case, the Central Plains dynasties had almost no direct control over the Korean Peninsula, and the regimes on the Korean Peninsula mostly remained independent as an "obedient child."
公元前109年，漢武帝劉徹出兵東征朝鮮，經(jīng)過兩年的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，滅掉了衛(wèi)滿朝鮮，建立了樂浪郡、玄菟郡、真番郡及臨屯郡四個(gè)郡，統(tǒng)稱漢四郡。漢朝統(tǒng)治朝鮮半島漢江以北地區(qū)。公元前82年，漢朝將真番郡及臨屯郡兩州合并到樂浪、玄蟠兩郡。樂浪郡的治所位于今天的平壤，玄蟠國位于今天的咸興。這是中國歷史上罕見的直接控制朝鮮半島的時(shí)期。
此后的中國歷史上，當(dāng)中國處于分裂衰敗狀態(tài)時(shí)，朝鮮半島上的政權(quán)往往成為獨(dú)立國家；當(dāng)中國統(tǒng)一強(qiáng)大時(shí)，朝鮮半島上的政權(quán)通常以藩屬國的形式存在。朝鮮半島上的王朝在大部分時(shí)間里與中原王朝保持著良好的關(guān)系，少數(shù)歷史時(shí)期也發(fā)生過戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與對(duì)抗。
不管怎樣，中原王朝對(duì)朝鮮半島幾乎沒有直接控制，朝鮮半島上的政權(quán)大多作為“聽話的孩子”保持獨(dú)立。
This is a rare period of direct control over the Korean Peninsula in Chinese history.
In subsequent Chinese history, when China was in a state of division and decline, the regime on the Korean Peninsula often became an independent country. When China was unified and powerful, the regimes on the Korean Peninsula usually existed as vassal states. For most of the time, the dynasties on the Korean Peninsula maintained good relations with the dynasties in the Central Plains, and wars and confrontations also occurred in a few historical periods.
In any case, the Central Plains dynasties had almost no direct control over the Korean Peninsula, and the regimes on the Korean Peninsula mostly remained independent as an "obedient child."
公元前109年，漢武帝劉徹出兵東征朝鮮，經(jīng)過兩年的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，滅掉了衛(wèi)滿朝鮮，建立了樂浪郡、玄菟郡、真番郡及臨屯郡四個(gè)郡，統(tǒng)稱漢四郡。漢朝統(tǒng)治朝鮮半島漢江以北地區(qū)。公元前82年，漢朝將真番郡及臨屯郡兩州合并到樂浪、玄蟠兩郡。樂浪郡的治所位于今天的平壤，玄蟠國位于今天的咸興。這是中國歷史上罕見的直接控制朝鮮半島的時(shí)期。
此后的中國歷史上，當(dāng)中國處于分裂衰敗狀態(tài)時(shí)，朝鮮半島上的政權(quán)往往成為獨(dú)立國家；當(dāng)中國統(tǒng)一強(qiáng)大時(shí)，朝鮮半島上的政權(quán)通常以藩屬國的形式存在。朝鮮半島上的王朝在大部分時(shí)間里與中原王朝保持著良好的關(guān)系，少數(shù)歷史時(shí)期也發(fā)生過戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與對(duì)抗。
不管怎樣，中原王朝對(duì)朝鮮半島幾乎沒有直接控制，朝鮮半島上的政權(quán)大多作為“聽話的孩子”保持獨(dú)立。
評(píng)論翻譯
很贊 ( 37 )
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Obidient child is a little harsh word.
服從的孩子是有點(diǎn)過分的詞。
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But this is the opinion of the King of Korea himself.
但這是朝鮮國王本人的意見。
This is somewhat USA wants the whole world to do. In that period of time China wants Korea to be the vassal state it was. At its peak, China was protecting Korea from Japan. However, when China weaken in the later part of the history, China lost the capability to protect Korea.
這在某種程度上是美國希望全世界做的事情。在那個(gè)時(shí)期，中國希望朝鮮回到它之前的附屬國地位。在其巔峰時(shí)期，中國保護(hù)朝鮮免受日本的侵?jǐn)_。然而，當(dāng)中國在歷史的后期變?nèi)鹾?，中國失去了保護(hù)朝鮮的能力。
Kinda agree, looking down on anyone is disrespectful
有點(diǎn)同意，看不起任何人都是不尊重的
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Yi Sun-sin#1
李舜臣#1
Yi Sun-sin was just a low-ranking naval commander who served under Chinese generals in the fight against the Japanese invasion of Korea. Yi Sun-sin was just a hero created by the Koreans for their self-esteem, and actually played a minimal role in the war.
李舜臣只是一個(gè)低級(jí)海軍指揮官，曾在中國將軍手下對(duì)抗日本入侵朝鮮。李舜臣只是韓國人為了自尊而創(chuàng)造的英雄，實(shí)際上在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中扮演的角色非常小。
I believe your words are not coming from what you think is true, but a desire for things to be.
我認(rèn)為你的話并不是出自你認(rèn)為的事實(shí)，而是一種事情應(yīng)當(dāng)如此的愿望。
It's somewhat suspicious because:
1592: Japan organized an attack on Korea, they went ashore and chased the Koreans like ducks.
1597: Japan again attacked Korea, they continued to reach shore and continued to chase Koreans like ducks.
and admiral yi appeared with victories in the first Japanese attack. So can you explain why Japan was still able to reach the Korean coast so easily during the second attack? And why could Japan easily withdraw its troops with so many Korean hostages every time it reached an armistice with the Ming Dynasty?
Wars at sea are wars where it is easy to exaggerate the numbers. and Korea has a very long history of lying.
這有點(diǎn)可疑，因?yàn)椋?br /> 1592年：日本組織了對(duì)朝鮮的攻擊，他們登陸后像追逐鴨子一樣追逐朝鮮人。
1597年：日本再次攻擊朝鮮，他們繼續(xù)登陸并繼續(xù)像追逐鴨子一樣追逐朝鮮人。
而且李舜臣在第一次日本攻擊中出現(xiàn)并取得勝利。那么你能解釋為什么日本在第二次攻擊中仍然能這么容易地抵達(dá)朝鮮海岸嗎？為什么每次與明朝達(dá)成停火時(shí)，日本都能輕易撤退其部隊(duì)，并帶走這么多朝鮮人質(zhì)？
海上戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是容易夸大數(shù)字的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，而且朝鮮有非常長(zhǎng)的撒謊歷史。
Yi got tossed in prison due to politics.
李舜臣因政治原因被投入監(jiān)獄。
Why is there such a timely scxt? Don't you doubt? It seems like history has been distorted to make Koreans less embarrassed.
為什么會(huì)有這樣一個(gè)恰到好處的劇本？你不懷疑嗎？看起來歷史被歪曲了，以使韓國人不那么尷尬。
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Ahhh, hat envy. I get it now.
啊，是嫉妒。我現(xiàn)在明白了。
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Wow, Korea ( 1/2 ) thinking everyone is jealous of them.
哇，韓國（1/2 ）認(rèn)為每個(gè)人都嫉妒他們。
Current realities suggest tremendous talent and capabilities for a nation of that size, who's Current economy is larger than Russia's. Their soft power, from BTS, to trend setting cosmetics, culinary excellence and Oscar winning film industry is unparalleled. Every major appliance in my home, my car, my entire family's phone fleet, are all Korean. They can now out produce most countries in armaments and rank #5 on the Global Firepower index. I'd therefore give them the benefit of the doubt, that they produced a great admiral and capable fleet.
當(dāng)前現(xiàn)實(shí)表明，這樣規(guī)模的國家擁有巨大的才能和能力，其當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模超過俄羅斯。他們的軟實(shí)力，從BTS到引領(lǐng)潮流的化妝品，烹飪和奧斯卡獲獎(jiǎng)電影產(chǎn)業(yè)都是無與倫比的。我家的每一件主要家電，我的車，我全家的電話車隊(duì)，都是韓國的。他們現(xiàn)在武器生產(chǎn)上可以超過大多數(shù)國家，并在全球火力指數(shù)上排名第五。
因此，我會(huì)給他們一個(gè)正面的評(píng)估，他們產(chǎn)生了一個(gè)偉大的海軍上將和能干的艦隊(duì)。
Li Shunchen was a platoon leader who won several small wars and was exaggerated by the Koreans as a general.
Simply put, he led 100 naval soldiers to fight against the Japanese Navy and won several times.
李順臣是一個(gè)排長(zhǎng)，贏得了幾場(chǎng)小戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，并被韓國人夸大為將軍。
簡(jiǎn)而言之，他帶領(lǐng)100名海軍士兵對(duì)抗日本海軍，并多次獲勝。
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Does Goryeo a Chinese dynasty? If I’m not wrong, they used Chinese character and also in cultural aspects they are look liked Chinese.
高麗是中國的朝代嗎？如果我沒記錯(cuò)的話，他們使用漢字，并且在文化方面看起來像中國人。
Chinese characters are kinda like Latin, everyone in East Asia used it at some point.
漢字有點(diǎn)像拉丁字母，東亞每個(gè)人都在某個(gè)時(shí)候使用過。
Never a Chinese dynasty. It was a country on its own. They used Chinese characters and imported some of the culture from China.
他們從未是中國的朝代。它是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的國家。他們使用漢字，并從中國引進(jìn)了一些文化。
Sounds a lot like the history of Ti....
聽起來很像西藏的歷史。
OP several times in his post refers to the Koreans as being effectively independent at many times in their history, but under different indigenous regimes, of which the Goryeo Kingdom is but one. But also for long periods a tributary state to Chinese emperors, which is a historical fact.
樓主在他的帖子中多次提到朝鮮人在歷史上有許多次是實(shí)際上獨(dú)立的，但是在不同的土著政權(quán)下，其中高麗王國只是其中之一。但也長(zhǎng)期是中國皇帝的附庸國，這是一個(gè)歷史事實(shí)。
The area where the ancient Korean people lived is most of today's South Korea, while the northern part of the Korean Peninsula today belongs to other ethnic groups in China, which are local governments in China. If you say that China once ruled the ancient Korean Kingdom, I can only tell you that it did not, but later because of the rebellion of that ethnic group, the central government of China eliminated this vassal state and moved most of the people of this country to the inland areas of China. Later, due to the decline of the control of the central government of China, the ethnic groups living in today's South Korea filled in and occupied this area, which is today's North Korea.
古代朝鮮人居住的地區(qū)大部分是今天的韓國南部，而今天朝鮮半島的北部屬于中國的其他民族，這些民族是中國的地方政府。如果你說中國曾經(jīng)統(tǒng)治過古代朝鮮王國，我只能告訴你它沒有，但后來由于那個(gè)民族的叛亂，中國中央政府消滅了這個(gè)附庸國，并將這個(gè)國家的大部分人民遷移到中國內(nèi)陸地區(qū)。后來，由于中國中央政府控制力的下降，居住在今天的韓國南部的民族填補(bǔ)并占領(lǐng)了這一地區(qū)，這就是今天的朝鮮。