如果我們沒有季節(jié)會有什么影響?

Troy Cowan
What would happen to life on Earth if we did not have seasons?
Seasons are caused by the earth’s tilt. I don’t know if anyone has ever studied or has needed to study what would happen if the earth had no tilt. However, we can speculate. Without tilt, there would be no summer season and no winter season. The equator would always be hot and the poles would always be cold. If you start at the equator and move north, the further north you go the colder it would get. When you found a temperature zone you liked, you could stop. The daily temperature range would be about the same each day, every day, all year long.
The day and night would always be twelve hours long. The average amount of sleep needed each night would be longer than eight hours. People would probably have larger bladders to get them through the night.

如果地球沒有季節(jié)會對地球上的生命產(chǎn)生什么影響呢？
季節(jié)是由地球的傾斜引起的。我不知道是否有人曾經(jīng)研究過或需要研究如果地球沒有傾斜會產(chǎn)生什么影響。然而，我們可以進(jìn)行推測。沒有傾斜，就不會有夏季和冬季。赤道永遠(yuǎn)會很熱，而極地永遠(yuǎn)會很冷。如果你從赤道開始向北移動，越往北走就越冷。當(dāng)你找到一個你喜歡的溫度區(qū)域時，你可以停下來。每天的溫度變化范圍是一樣的，每天都是一樣的，一整年都是一樣的。
白天和黑夜總是十二個小時。每晚所需的平均睡眠時間將超過8小時。人們可能會有更大的膀胱來度過夜晚。

There would be no deciduous trees and no hibernating animals. Trees would keep their leaves all year long. Animals would not have to sleep through the winter because there is no winter. No one would have to prepare for winter. All the preparations for winter would be unnecessary. Without this need for survival planning, people would probably less intelligent. Animals would still have their claws and teeth to survive but for humans, a larger brain would not be very helpful.
Heat from the sun would cause the water vapor at the equator to rise and the cold air at the poles to sink. This high and low air pressure would still cause rain showers to move across the land. In places, there could be wet and dry seasons.
In many respects, it would be a more comfortable planet.

沒有落葉樹，也沒有需要冬眠的動物。樹木一整年都保持著它們的葉子。沒有冬天，動物也不用在冬天里睡覺了。沒有人需要為冬天做準(zhǔn)備，為冬天做的一切準(zhǔn)備都是不必要的。如果不需要規(guī)劃生存計劃，人類可能會變得不那么聰明。動物為了生存仍然有爪子和牙齒，但對人類來說，更大的大腦并沒有多大幫助
來自太陽的熱量會導(dǎo)致赤道的水蒸氣上升，而兩極的冷空氣下沉。這種高低氣壓仍然會導(dǎo)致陣雨在陸地上移動。在一些地方，可能有濕季和旱季。
在許多方面，它將是一個更舒適的星球。
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Bryan Lamb
What would be different if the earth had no seasons?
The answer asserting that Earth should be “tidally locked” to the sun is completely wrong. This would be the case if the earth’s rotation period was 365 days!!!! If the earth had no seasons, this means only that it has no axis tilt. (Rather than 23 degrees that it currently is). this means, that there would be much less variation in climate at any particular place on the surface of the earth. the equator would “always” be the hottest place on earth, instead of what we currently have which is that the hottest place varies between the tropic of cancer and the tropic of capricorn depending on what month of the year it is. The coldest places would always be the poles. There would no longer be an arctic circle or an antarctic circle, and correspondingly no regions on earth where you would get light or dark for more than a day. All places on earth would basically have 12 hours of light and 12 hours of dark each day. The regions closer to the poles would still be colder, not due to the length of the day, but due mostly to the angle of the sun’s rays as they strike the surface. What would this mean for the average temperature of the earth? not much difference, but it would cause all locations in earth to have a much lower variation in temperature, which probably would mean less spread of different types of vegetation in different places. This could decrease biodiversity and make ecosystems less stable, but I’m not an ecologist. but the other answers are most definitely not by people who understand astronomy either.

如果地球沒有季節(jié)，會有什么不同？
斷言地球會被太陽“潮汐鎖定”的答案是完全錯誤的。如果地球自轉(zhuǎn)周期是365天的話，情況就是這樣!如果地球沒有季節(jié)，這只意味著它的地軸沒有傾斜。（而不是目前的23度）。這意味著，在地球表面的任何特定地方，氣候的變化都要小得多。赤道將“永遠(yuǎn)”是地球上最熱的地方，而不是我們現(xiàn)在看到的最熱的地方在北回歸線和南回歸線之間，這取決于它是一年中的哪個月份。最冷的地方永遠(yuǎn)是兩極。北極圈和南極圈將不復(fù)存在，相應(yīng)地，地球上也沒有哪個地區(qū)的白晝或黑夜會超過一天。地球上所有的地方基本上每天都有12小時的光明和12小時的黑暗?？拷鼉蓸O的地區(qū)仍然會更冷，這不是由于一天的長度，而主要是由于太陽光線照射到地球表面時的角度。這對地球的平均溫度意味著什么?差別不大，但它會使地球上所有地方的溫度變化都小得多，這可能意味著不同類型的植被在不同地方的傳播會減少。這可能會減少生物多樣性，使生態(tài)系統(tǒng)不那么穩(wěn)定，但我不是生態(tài)學(xué)家。但其他答案肯定也不是懂天文學(xué)的人給出的。

David Colantuono
What would happen if there was no more summer?
There would no longer be oppressive heat and humidity that makes many people very uncomfortable. That might be bad for heat lovers that obsess about such horrible conditions, but for the rest of us who hate hot weather, that would be better.
Crops and plants can still grow in Spring. Spring is generally a milder season than Summer and you don’t need it 90°F or higher with tropical rainforest humidity for crops and plants to grow.
There would be less fatalities due to heat stroke and fewer hot car deaths if there was no more Summer. How can one possibly argue with that? People actually WANT more heat-related deaths?

如果沒有更多的夏天，會有什么影響？
再也不會有讓很多人感到不舒服的悶熱和潮濕氣候了。對于那些癡迷于這種可怕天氣的炎熱愛好者來說，這可能是件壞事，但對于我們這些討厭炎熱天氣的人來說，這可能會更好。
春季仍然可以生長作物和植物。春季通常比夏季溫和，作物和植物并不需要像熱帶雨林那樣的高溫（90°F或更高）和濕度來生長。
如果沒有夏天，死于中暑和死于汽車熱的人數(shù)就會減少。你怎么能反駁呢?人們真的想要更多與熱有關(guān)的死亡嗎?

Kim Carlisle
Will seasons ever disappear?
As long as there is wind and the earth still rotates; as long as there is sun and the earth still revolves around it; as long as there is air and water vapor in it; and as long as there are latitudes and protective strata above the earth, there will be seasons.
Disastrous cosmological events can happen, though, in which not only the seasons will disappear, but also those of us who are in awe of it.

季節(jié)會消失嗎？
只要有風(fēng)，地球仍在旋轉(zhuǎn)；只要有太陽，地球仍然圍繞著它旋轉(zhuǎn)；只要里面有空氣和水蒸氣；只要地球上方有緯度和保護(hù)層，就會有季節(jié)。
然而，災(zāi)難性的宇宙事件可能會發(fā)生，不僅季節(jié)會消失，我們這些敬畏它的人也會消失。
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Corvi Zeman
What would happen if winter didn't happen (meaning that spring, summer and autumn became the only seasons)?
This might be minor, but one change would be the kinds of food we’d eat. Many temperate trees require a certain number of “chill hours” to properly create fruit or nuts. One chill hour is one hour the plant spends at a temperature below 7 degrees Celsius. So there’d be a lot fewer chill hours in a world without winter.
When it receives enough chill hours, the tree goes dormant. While it is dormant, chemical changes occur that will trigger flowering and fruiting once the tree is no longer dormant. Plants that don’t get enough chill hours screw up the fruiting process. Orange make weird green fruit that never gets ripe if they don’t get enough chill hours. Peaches won’t flower at all if they don’t get enough cold.
So in a world without winter, we’d lack apples, peaches, cherries, apricots, chestnuts, almonds, pears, blueberries, raspberries, currants, hazelnuts, kiwis, and walnuts. We’d still have tropical fruits and nuts like pineapple, cashews, and mangos. Citruses might be okay, their chill requirements are pretty low and autumn and spring might be enough chill for them.
Most of the major world crops (wheat, rice, maize, potatoes) are planted in spring and harvested in summer and fall, so they’d be okay without winter and I don’t think there’d be mass starvation.
People would notice apples were missing, though, they’re in the top 25 crops grown worldwide, and they need up to a thousand chill hours a year, which is a lot. There is some research and breeding - especially in Israel and California where people want to grow apple trees but can’t - creating “l(fā)ow chill” apple trees that do well without a lot of chill hours, but I don’t think they’re really ready yet.

如果沒有冬天（意味著春天、夏天和秋天成為唯一的季節(jié)），會有什么影響？
這種可能性很小，一個變化是我們吃的食物種類。許多溫帶樹木需要一定的“ 冷需期”才能結(jié)出果實或堅果。一小時的”冷需期“是指植物在低于7攝氏度的溫度下度過的一小時。所以在一個沒有冬天的世界里，”冷需期“會少得多。
當(dāng)它受到足夠的寒冷時，樹就會進(jìn)入休眠狀態(tài)。當(dāng)它處于休眠狀態(tài)時，一旦樹不再休眠，化學(xué)變化就會觸發(fā)開花和結(jié)果。植物沒有得到足夠”冷需期“，會破壞結(jié)果過程。橙子是一種奇怪的綠色水果，如果沒有足夠的”冷需期“，它們就永遠(yuǎn)不會成熟。如果沒有足夠的寒冷，桃子根本不會開花。
因此，在一個沒有冬天的世界里，我們會缺少蘋果、桃子、櫻桃、杏子、栗子、杏仁、梨、藍(lán)莓、山竹、醋栗、榛子、奇異果和核桃。我們?nèi)匀粫詿釒蛨怨?，比如菠蘿、腰果和芒果。柑橘可能還好，它們對寒冷的要求很低，秋天和春天對它們來說已經(jīng)足夠冷了。
世界上大多數(shù)主要作物（小麥、水稻、玉米、土豆）都在春天種植，在夏天和秋天收獲，所以沒有冬天也沒問題，我認(rèn)為不會出現(xiàn)大規(guī)模饑餓。
然而，人們會注意到蘋果不見了，它們是全球種植量最高的25種作物之一，每年需要1000個”冷需期“，這是一個很大的數(shù)字。有一些研究和育種——特別是在以色列和加利福尼亞，那里的人們想種植蘋果樹，但不能種植——創(chuàng)造了“低冷需期“蘋果樹，這種蘋果樹在沒有很多寒冷時間的情況下也能長得很好，但我認(rèn)為它們還沒有真正準(zhǔn)備好。

Ian Johnston
What would happen if the only seasons Earth had were spring and fall?
Here’s a funny little secret in astronomy– There is no such thing as spring and autumn. They’re transitory periods we made up to describe the weather warming and cooling as we march on towards the solstices. When we talk about seasons, there’s really only two: summer and winter. Summer is when whichever pole you are closest to is the one pointing towards the sun, and winter is when it points away.
Spring and autumn are seasons in the same way that dusk and dawn are times of the day. Realistically, they don’t mean much because it’s either day (the sun is up) or night (the sun is down), and everything else (Noon, midnight, etc.) are just terms we’ve made up to describe certain points along this cycle.
Still, from a climatic point, I can answer your question in a way that’ll hopefully satisfy. Theoretically, if the planet had a lower obliquity, say half the current 23.4o down to 11.7o, those in the temperate regions would experience a phenomenon like the one you’re wondering about. With milder winters but weaker summers, growing seasons would likely be affected to be shorter.

如果地球只有春天和秋天，會有什么影響？
這是天文學(xué)中一個有趣的小秘密——沒有春秋這回事。它們是我們編造出來的過渡時期，用來描述我們走向至日時天氣的變暖和變冷。當(dāng)我們談?wù)摷竟?jié)時，實際上只有兩個:夏天和冬天。夏天是你離太陽最近的極點指向太陽的時候，冬天是它指向太陽的時候。
春天和秋天是季節(jié)，就像黃昏和黎明是一天中的時間一樣。事實上，它們意義不大，因為要么是白天（太陽升起），要么是夜晚（太陽落下），其他一切（中午、午夜等）都只是我們用來描述這個周期中某些點的術(shù)語。
不過，從氣候的角度來看，我可以用一種讓你滿意的方式回答你的問題。從理論上講，如果地球的傾角較低，比如從現(xiàn)在的23.40度減半到11.70度，溫帶地區(qū)的人就會經(jīng)歷你想知道的現(xiàn)象。隨著冬天變暖，夏天變?nèi)酰L季節(jié)可能會縮短。

On a more important note, much of these temperate regions would be more arid, as areas such as my native New York get much of their environmental water from snowmelts. Areas that see some snow in the winter might get none at all, meanwhile those which get large amounts would see less. Rain evaporates much faster than snow melts and infuses the ground, resulting in less vegetation growth in the temperate latitudes.
In this new world, the northern United States, which is heavily forested, might instead be a large savannah. The Great Plains could instead be a vast desert, arid and cool, like those in Central Asia. At the poles, the ice caps would be larger and more stable, with a briefer melt period in their summer. Meanwhile, life in the tropics would much the same, as their seasonal changes are generally mild already.
In summary, with a lower axial tilt, Earth would be a much more arid, sedate planet, with fewer extreme weather events caused by the smaller temperature range and a much smaller temperate band. The current temperate regions would be mostly grasslands and steppes separated by large, cool deserts in the continental interiors.

更重要的是，這些溫帶地區(qū)的大部分地區(qū)將更加干旱，因為像我的家鄉(xiāng)紐約這樣的地區(qū)的大部分環(huán)境用水來自融雪。在冬天看到一些雪的地區(qū)可能根本沒有雪了，而那些雪量大的地區(qū)會看到雪就更少了。雨水蒸發(fā)的速度比雪融化的速度快得多，水還要注入地面，導(dǎo)致溫帶地區(qū)植被生長較少。
在這個新的世界里，森林茂密的美國北部可能會變成一片大草原。大平原可能變成一片廣袤的沙漠，干旱而涼爽，就像中亞那樣。在兩極，冰蓋會更大更穩(wěn)定，夏季的融化期也會更短。與此同時，熱帶地區(qū)的生活將大致相同，因為他們的季節(jié)變化通常已經(jīng)很溫和了。
總之，如果軸向傾角較低，地球?qū)⑹且粋€更加干旱、平靜的星球，由較小的溫度范圍和較小的溫帶引起的極端天氣事件將更少。目前的溫帶地區(qū)大部分會變成由大片草原和草原分隔的大片涼爽的沙漠。

K Vopalecky
What would happen if there were no winters anymore due to climate change/global warming? How would that affect our lives on Earth as well as other living things on Earth (plants, animals)?
It's unlikely climate change will make winter weather disappear any time soon, except in regions closer to the equator.
Scientific research is leaning toward the conclusion that, as long as the polar region remains colder in winter, the weakening jet steam will allow more dreaded polar vortexes to swing south and stick around longer, bringing longer cold snaps and more snow.
Something else to consider is the increasing summer heat. Climatological models are showing that over the next fifty years, hotter temperatures combined with more intense humidity will make large swathes of the globe lethal to live in.

如果由于氣候變化/全球變暖而不再有冬天會有什么影響?這將如何影響我們在地球上的生活以及地球上的其他生物(植物，動物)?
除了靠近赤道的地區(qū)，氣候變化不太可能在短期內(nèi)使冬季天氣消失。
科學(xué)研究傾向于得出這樣的結(jié)論:只要極地地區(qū)在冬季保持寒冷，減弱的噴射蒸汽將允許更多可怕的極地渦旋向南擺動并停留更長時間，帶來更長時間的寒流和更多的降雪。
另一件需要考慮的事情是夏季越來越熱。氣候模型顯示，在接下來的50年里，更高的溫度加上更強的濕度將使地球上的大片地區(qū)無法生存。

Growing numbers of people will be forced to flee the tropics and formerly arable lands and these huge populations will need to seek new homes. This migration has already begun as streams of people are fleeing drought-hit areas in Latin America, Africa and Asia where farming and other rural livelihoods have become impossible because of drought.
The number of climate-change migrants has doubled globally over the past decade, and the issue of what to do about rapidly increasing populations of displaced people will only become greater and more urgent as the planet heats.
In the coming years, regions north of the 45°N parallel—which runs through Michigan, France, Croatia, Mongolia and xinjiang in China — will be the twenty-first century’s booming haven. This global-spanning band represents 15% of the planet’s area but holds 29% of its ice--free land, and is currently home to a small fraction of the world’s (aging) people. It will soon offer the optimum climate for human productivity with mean average temperatures of around 13°C.

越來越多的人將被迫逃離熱帶地區(qū)和以前的耕地，這些龐大的人口將需要尋找新的家園。隨著大批人口逃離拉丁美洲、非洲和亞洲的干旱地區(qū)，這種移民已經(jīng)開始遷移——因為干旱，農(nóng)業(yè)和其他農(nóng)村生計變得不可能。
在過去十年中，全球因氣候變化移民的數(shù)量翻了一番，隨著地球變暖，如何應(yīng)對迅速增加的流離失所者的問題只會變得越來越緊迫。
在未來的幾年里，北緯45度以北的地區(qū)——包括密歇根州、法國、克羅地亞、蒙古和中國新疆——將成為21世紀(jì)蓬勃發(fā)展的避風(fēng)港。這片橫跨全球的帶狀地帶占地球面積的15%，但擁有29%的無冰土地，目前是世界上一小部分(老齡化)人口的家園。它將很快為人類生產(chǎn)力提供最佳氣候，平均溫度約為13°C。

Nigel Arnot
If a planet didn't have seasons, would that be better or worse for life?
We don't know, There are places on earth where the seasons are almost undetectable. Pacific islands close to the Equator and outside any seasonal weather patterns/ monsoons. Anyway, life evolves to be best fitted to its environment.
To get no seasons you would need both a circular orbit around the star and a vertical axis of rotation. A vertical axis but an elliptical orbit would quite certainly have seasons.
Even without any seasons, temperature would still vary with latitude. Hottest at the equator, coldest at the poles. Midday sun coming from near the horizon is spread more thinly on the ground, than midday sun from vertically overhead.

如果一個行星沒有季節(jié)，這對生命來說是好還是壞呢？
我們不知道，地球上有些地方季節(jié)幾乎不可察覺，比如赤道附近的太平洋島嶼，不受任何季節(jié)性天氣模式/季風(fēng)的影響。無論如何，生命會逐漸適應(yīng)其環(huán)境。
要達(dá)到?jīng)]有季節(jié)的狀態(tài)，你需要圍繞恒星做圓形軌道并且有垂直的旋轉(zhuǎn)軸。垂直軸但橢圓軌道幾乎肯定會有季節(jié)。
即使沒有任何季節(jié)，溫度仍然會隨著緯度的變化而變化。赤道最熱，極地最冷。正午太陽從地平線附近照射的熱量比正午太陽從垂直上方照射的要稀薄。

Judy Kanarek
If a planet didn't have seasons, would that be better or worse for life?
You asked if a planet didn’t have seasons, I am assuming you mean planet earth and would it be better or worse for life if we didn’t have seasons. The reason the earth has seasons is because the earth is tilted at 23.5 degrees has it loops around the sun. Earth collided with other planets and the moon and caused the earth’s tilt. Depending where on earth is tilted towards the sun would mean all of the other countries would be have the same climate everyday, the countries that have winter wouldn’t be able to grow crops that were meant to grow only during the spring or summer. The countries that have summer everyday would need more water to drink and water the plants and crop. There are many variables when there are no seasons. But basically life would be worse off if we didn’t have seasons because we need them to evenly distribute the seasons on earth. Seasons is what makes life thrive on earth. Most importantly we cannot change the tilt of the earth it’s permanent. So life would be worse of without the seasons.

如果一個星球沒有季節(jié)，對生命來說是好是壞？
你問到如果一個行星沒有季節(jié)，我假設(shè)你指的是地球，如果我們沒有季節(jié)，對生命來說是好是壞。地球之所以有季節(jié)，是因為地球以23.5度的角度圍繞太陽旋轉(zhuǎn)。地球曾與其他行星和月球相撞，導(dǎo)致地球傾斜。這取決于地球的哪個方向是向太陽傾斜的，這意味著其他所有國家每天都會有相同的氣候，而那些始終處于冬季的國家將無法種植只能在春季或夏季生長的農(nóng)作物。每天都是夏季的國家將需要更多的水來飲用、澆灌植物和作物。沒有季節(jié)，就會有很多變數(shù)，但基本上，如果我們沒有季節(jié)，生命會變得更糟，因為我們需要季節(jié)來平衡地球上的季節(jié)。季節(jié)是讓地球上的生命茁壯成長的原因。最重要的是，我們無法改變地球的傾斜，這是永久性的。所以沒有季節(jié)的話，生命將會更糟。