Eating less meat 'like taking 8m cars off road'

少吃肉“相當(dāng)于減少路上800萬輛汽車”


(Big meat eaters' diets result in almost twice the carbon emissions per day of those who eat small amounts of meat.)

（吃肉多的人每天的碳排放量幾乎是吃肉少的人的兩倍。）
新聞：

Having big UK meat-eaters cut some of it out of their diet would be like taking 8 million cars off the road.

讓英國高肉飲食者從他們的飲食中減少一些肉，就好比減少了800萬輛汽車上路行駛。

That's just one of the findings of new research that scientists say gives the most reliable calculation yet of how what we eat impacts our planet.

這只是一項(xiàng)新研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)之一，科學(xué)家們說，這項(xiàng)研究給出了迄今為止最可靠的闡明我們吃的東西是如何影響地球的計(jì)算。

The Oxford University study is the first to pinpoint the difference high- and low-meat diets have on greenhouse gas emissions, researchers say.

研究人員說，牛津大學(xué)的這項(xiàng)研究首次指出了高肉和低肉飲食對溫室氣體排放的影響。

The meat industry said the analysis overstated the impact of eating meat.

肉類行業(yè)表示，該分析夸大了吃肉（對環(huán)境）的影響。

Prof Peter Scarborough, of Oxford University, who led the new research, told BBC News: 'Our results show that if everyone in the UK who is a big meat-eater reduced the amount of meat they ate, it would make a really big difference."

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)這項(xiàng)新研究的牛津大學(xué)教授彼得·斯卡伯勒告訴BBC新聞：“我們的研究結(jié)果表明，如果英國的每個(gè)肉食者都減少吃肉的量，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生很大的不同?！?/b>

"You don't need to completely eradicate meat from your diet."

“你不需要從你的飲食中完全剔除肉類?！?/b>

Prof Scarborough, who is part of the Livestock Environment And People (LEAP) project surveyed 55,000 people who were divided into big meat-eaters, who ate more than 100g of meat a day, which equates to a big burger, low meat-eaters, whose daily intake was 50g or less, approximately a couple of chipolata sausages, fish-eaters, vegetarians and vegans.

斯卡伯勒教授是牲畜環(huán)境與人類項(xiàng)目的一部分，他調(diào)查了55000人，他們被分為高肉食者——每天吃100克以上的肉，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)大漢堡；低肉食者——每天吃50克或更少，大約兩根奇波拉塔香腸；食魚者；素食者和純素食者。
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While it is well established that producing meat has a bigger environmental footprint than plant-based food, it has never been calculated in such detail, according to Prof Susan Jebb, who is head of the Food Standards Agency and a world leading nutrition scientist at Oxford University. She was not involved in the research.

英國食品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)局局長、牛津大學(xué)世界頂尖營養(yǎng)科學(xué)家蘇珊·杰布教授表示，雖然眾所周知，生產(chǎn)肉類比生產(chǎn)植物性食品對環(huán)境的影響更大，但從未有過如此詳細(xì)的計(jì)算。她本人沒有參與這項(xiàng)研究。

"What makes this assessment different is that it takes real people's diets and is based on the various production methods we have at the moment," she said. "The researchers have assessed at a much more granular level than has been done before the environmental footprint of what they are eating."

她說：“這項(xiàng)評估的不同之處在于，它以真實(shí)的人們的飲食為基礎(chǔ)，并基于我們目前擁有的各種生產(chǎn)方法。研究人員對他們所吃食物的環(huán)境排放進(jìn)行了比以前更細(xì)致的評估?！?/b>
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The research shows that a big meat-eater's diet produces an average of 10.24 kg of planet-warming greenhouse gasses each day. A low meat-eater produces almost half that at 5.37 kg per day. And for vegan diets - it's halved again to 2.47 kg a day.

研究表明，一個(gè)高肉食者的飲食平均每天產(chǎn)生10.24公斤導(dǎo)致地球變暖的溫室氣體。低肉食者每天產(chǎn)生5.37公斤，幾乎是它的一半。而對于素食主義者來說，它又減少了一半，降至每天2.47公斤。

The analysis is the first to look at the detailed impact of diets on other environmental measures all together. These are land use, water use, water pollution and loss of species, usually caused by loss of habitat because of expansion of farming. In all cases high meat-eaters had a significantly higher adverse impact than other groups.

這項(xiàng)分析是首次將飲食對其他環(huán)境指標(biāo)的詳細(xì)影響綜合起來進(jìn)行分析。這些影響包括土地使用、用水、水污染和物種損失——通常是由于農(nóng)業(yè)擴(kuò)張導(dǎo)致的棲息地喪失造成的。在所有情況下，高肉食者造成的負(fù)面影響明顯高于其他群體。

Britain has some of the most sustainable methods of meat production. And the sector employs nearly 100,000 people making ￡9.5bn a year for the UK.

英國有一些最可持續(xù)的肉類生產(chǎn)方法。該產(chǎn)業(yè)雇傭了近10萬人，每年為英國創(chuàng)造95億英鎊的年收入。

Nick Allen, CEO of the British Meat Processors Association says that such assessments were incomplete.

英國肉類加工者協(xié)會(huì)的首席執(zhí)行官尼克·艾倫說，這樣的評估是不完整的。

'One of the frustrations with a report like this is that it looks just at the emissions from livestock production. It doesn't take into account that carbon gets absorbed into the grassland, trees and hedgerows [on farms]. If they took those sums into account you would probably have a different picture,' he said.

他說：“像這樣的報(bào)告令人沮喪的一點(diǎn)是，它只關(guān)注畜牧生產(chǎn)的碳排放。它沒有考慮到（農(nóng)場上的）草地、樹木和樹籬所吸收的碳。如果他們把這些量考慮在內(nèi)，你可能就會(huì)看到不同的景象。”

In response Prof Scarborough said that a number of studies, including this one, had concluded that the taking up of CO2 by grasslands only have a 'modest impact'.

作為回應(yīng)，斯卡伯勒教授稱，包括這項(xiàng)研究在內(nèi)的許多研究都得出結(jié)論，草原吸收二氧化碳只會(huì)產(chǎn)生“不大的影響”。

A separate study also published in Nature Food in 2021 concluded that food production was responsible for a third of all global greenhouse gas emissions. And an independent review for the Department for the Environment Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) called for a 30% reduction in meat consumption by 2032 in order to meet the UK's net zero target.

2021年發(fā)表在《自然食品》雜志上的另一項(xiàng)研究得出結(jié)論，糧食生產(chǎn)占全球溫室氣體排放總量的三分之一。英國環(huán)境、食品和農(nóng)村事務(wù)部的一份獨(dú)立審查報(bào)告呼吁，到2032年，肉類消費(fèi)要減少30%，以實(shí)現(xiàn)英國的凈零目標(biāo)。
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But according to Prof Jebb, little has been done to achieve this aim.

但杰布教授表示，各國在實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)方面做得很少。

"In the UK it is still not accepted that we are eating an amount of meat which is inconsistent with our environmental goals. At the moment, the conversation is not how we are going to do this, but whether it is really necessary," she said.

她說：“在英國，人們?nèi)匀徊荒芙邮芪覀兊某匀饬颗c我們的環(huán)境目標(biāo)不一致。目前，討論的不是我們要怎么做，而是是否真的有必要。”

"In the case of obesity people know they shouldn't be eating confectionary cakes and biscuits. They may not want to hear it, but they know it to be true. With meat they are not wholly convinced."

“就肥胖而言，人們知道他們不應(yīng)該吃糖果蛋糕和餅干。他們也許不想聽，但他們知道確實(shí)如此。至于肉，他們并不完全信服。”

She adds that as well as encouraging people to change their diets, the government also needs to support farmers through the transition, by protecting their livelihoods.

她補(bǔ)充說，除了鼓勵(lì)人們改變飲食習(xí)慣外，政府還需要通過保護(hù)農(nóng)民的生計(jì)來支持他們度過過渡期。

"Our farmers are trying pretty hard to be sustainable, more so than in many other countries, and yet we in the UK are putting... more pressure on our farmers to change, and that is pretty tough if you are a farmer," she said.

“我們的農(nóng)民正在非常努力地實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展，比許多其他國家都要努力，但我們在英國卻……給我們的農(nóng)民施加了更大的改變壓力，如果你是一個(gè)農(nóng)民，這是相當(dāng)困難的?！?/b>
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In response a Defra spokesperson said 'people should make their own decisions around the food they eat".

英國環(huán)境、食品和農(nóng)村事務(wù)部的一位發(fā)言人回應(yīng)說：“人們應(yīng)該自己決定吃什么食物?！?/b>

"Achieving the net zero target is a priority for this government, and whilst food choices can have an impact on greenhouse gas emissions, well-managed livestock also provide environmental benefits such as supporting biodiversity, protecting the character of the countryside and generating important income for rural communities."

“實(shí)現(xiàn)凈零目標(biāo)是本屆政府的首要任務(wù)，雖然食物選擇會(huì)對溫室氣體排放產(chǎn)生影響，但管理良好的牲畜也能提供環(huán)境效益，比如支持生物多樣性、保護(hù)農(nóng)村特色，并為農(nóng)村社區(qū)創(chuàng)造重要收入?！?/b>

A spokesperson for the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board said 'AHDB is disappointed to see, once again, a study conveying simplistic conclusions to a very complex topic. Foods fulfil different roles within our diets and therefore cannot be fairly compared by weight, calorie or even nutrient contribution. Limited intake of animal-based foods has also shown to increase nutritional inadequacy, an area often overlooked by these kinds of studies'.

農(nóng)業(yè)和園藝發(fā)展局的一位發(fā)言人說：“發(fā)展局很失望地再次看到，一項(xiàng)研究對一個(gè)非常復(fù)雜的話題得出了簡單化的結(jié)論。食物在我們的飲食中扮演著不同的角色，因此不能用重量、卡路里甚至營養(yǎng)貢獻(xiàn)來得出公正的比較。受限的動(dòng)物性食物攝入也會(huì)加劇營養(yǎng)不足，這是這類研究經(jīng)常忽視的一個(gè)領(lǐng)域?！?br />
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