如果印度在1947年沒有被分治，會(huì)發(fā)生什么（一）

Jitender Singh
What would happen if India and Pakistan were not partitioned in 1947?
This would have happened:
Huge tourism in Kashmir. Kashmir would have been top choice for Honeymoon.
No cross border terrorism. People would have truly enjoyed Kashmir.
National highway connectivity from Karachi - Ahmedabad, Jammu- Islamabad - Peshawar.
No Hindu/Muslim agenda would worked for politician.
We would have more strong Army.
People would not have died in 1947 while partition.
People who were relocated would have stayed at their home town.
Bangladesh would not have existed.
We would have a strong Cricket and Hockey team.

如果1947年印度和巴基斯坦沒有分治，會(huì)發(fā)生什么？
這種情況會(huì)發(fā)生：
克什米爾旅游業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展，克什米爾將是度蜜月的首選。
沒有跨境恐怖主義，人們會(huì)真正享受在克什米爾的時(shí)光。
卡拉奇-艾哈邁達(dá)巴德、查謨-伊斯蘭堡-白沙瓦之間修建連接在一起的國(guó)道。
任何印度教/穆斯林議程都不會(huì)對(duì)政治家起作用。
我們會(huì)有更強(qiáng)大的軍隊(duì)。
1947年分治時(shí)人們不會(huì)死。
被重新安置的人會(huì)留在他們的家鄉(xiāng)。
孟加拉國(guó)就不會(huì)存在。
我們會(huì)有一支強(qiáng)大的板球隊(duì)和曲棍球隊(duì)。

Iran-India natural gas pipe line would have existed(proposed in 50s), benefitting both countries.
CPEC would not have existed.
No war would have fought in 1948, 1965, 1971, 1999.
Frequent flights would have been there between Karachi - Mumbai, Karachi -Delhi, Lahore - Delhi
Jammu and Kashmir might have an Independent country having friendly relation with India like Nepal.
Undivided Punjab would have 5 rivers.
Pilgrims from all over India would visit Nankana Sahib.
BJP would not asked people to go Pakistan. :D
Water of Indus River would have supplied to Rajasthan and Gujarat.

伊朗-印度天然氣管道本應(yīng)存在（50年代提出），對(duì)兩國(guó)都有利。
將不會(huì)存在中巴經(jīng)濟(jì)走廊。
1948年、1965年、1971年和1999年都不會(huì)發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。
卡拉奇-孟買、卡拉奇-德里、拉合爾-德里之間會(huì)有頻繁的航班
查謨和克什米爾可能會(huì)成為一個(gè)像尼泊爾一樣與印度存在友好關(guān)系的獨(dú)立國(guó)家。
未分割的旁遮普將有5條河流。
來(lái)自印度各地的朝圣者將參觀嫩加納胡沙布。
人民黨不會(huì)要求人們?nèi)グ突固?br /> 印度河的水將供應(yīng)給拉賈斯坦邦和古吉拉特邦。

Murtaza Aliakbar
Would India have gone to civil war if it hadn't been partitioned in 1947?
We can only speculate what could have been.
Tell me this, was there a civil war when Left parties split up with Congress? Was there a civil war when Shiv Sena broke alliance with the ruling BJP? Is there a civil war when BJP and Congress disagree staunchly with each other? NO!
And given how partition has worked out for the subcontinent, would the civil war been less bloody? I think yes. But I think there'd not have been any civil war in the first place!
Partition of British India has caused more harm than good, and all this animosity, all this hate, all this violence is a legacy of three men-- Mountbatten, Nehru, and Jinnah. Creation of Pakistan was never a long term solution! It was short-sighted, and void of any vision! Musli... of Subcontinent paid a heavy price for this split-up, and continue to.
To know why a civil war was a distant possibility, let's rewind 80 years, and relive history a little bit--
The prime justification for Partition as cited by Congress (then largest party) was that a civil war was inevitable had the partition not happened. That's baseless. Mahatma Gandhi, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Badshah Khan could see that nothing like that would ever happen, and even if it did, it'd have not lasted long enough and wouldn't have def broken up the country.
Remember that Gandhi was still alive and so was Badshah Khan-- two men who had immense following, and were saviour-like to their followers. Jinnah himself said in an interview just after the formation of Pakistan in Karachi that he never thought "Pakistan" would be a reality in his life time.
The whole "civil war" thing came up when the protesters in Calcutta turned to violence on the Direct Action Day in 1946 (after Congress, led-by Nehru backed out of the Cabinet-plan). Muslim League in 1940 made it crystal clear that they didn't need a separate nation but a "federated" nation of India and Pakistan. Nehru was a socialist and wanted a "strong" central government (and seeing how that has turned out for India, I'd rather the Cabinet-mission had gone ahead with the plan, but we are talking about two highly egoistical people here-- Nehru and Jinnah), whilst Jinnah wanted a federated government with a weak centre. "Direct Action Day" was a result of lack of respect from Congress for their Muslim counterparts and the outcome scared them (as they saw Muslim league announce themselves as a strong opposition).

如果印度在1947年沒有被分治，它會(huì)陷入內(nèi)戰(zhàn)嗎？
我們只能就可能發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行推測(cè)：
告訴我，當(dāng)左翼政黨與國(guó)大黨分裂時(shí)，是否發(fā)生了內(nèi)戰(zhàn)？濕婆神軍黨與執(zhí)政的印度人民黨決裂時(shí)是否發(fā)生了內(nèi)戰(zhàn)？當(dāng)印度人民黨和國(guó)大黨意見相左時(shí)，是否會(huì)爆發(fā)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)？沒有！
考慮到印度次大陸分治的結(jié)果，內(nèi)戰(zhàn)會(huì)不會(huì)少一些血腥?我想是會(huì)少一些血腥的。但我認(rèn)為一開始就不會(huì)有內(nèi)戰(zhàn)了!
英屬印度的分治造成了弊大于利，所有這些敵意，所有這些仇恨，這些暴力都是蒙巴頓，尼赫魯和真納這三個(gè)人的遺產(chǎn)。建立巴基斯坦從來(lái)都不是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期的解決方案!這是目光短淺，沒有任何遠(yuǎn)見!次大陸的穆斯林為這次分裂付出了沉重的代價(jià)，而且還在繼續(xù)。
要知道為什么內(nèi)戰(zhàn)是一個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的可能性，讓我們回到80年前，重溫一下歷史
國(guó)大黨（當(dāng)時(shí)最大的政黨）引用的分治的主要理由是，如果沒有分治，內(nèi)戰(zhàn)是不可避免的。這是毫無(wú)根據(jù)的，圣雄甘地、毛拉納·阿布·卡拉姆·阿扎德（Maulana Abul Kalam Azad）、巴德沙·汗都認(rèn)為，這樣的事情永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)發(fā)生，即使發(fā)生了，也不會(huì)持續(xù)足夠長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間，也不會(huì)破壞這個(gè)國(guó)家。
請(qǐng)記住，甘地還活著，巴德沙·汗也活著——這兩個(gè)人有著龐大的追隨者，對(duì)他們的追隨者來(lái)說(shuō)，他們是救世主。真納本人在巴基斯坦成立后不久在卡拉奇接受采訪時(shí)說(shuō)，他從未想過(guò)“巴基斯坦”會(huì)在他有生之年成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。
1946年的“直接行動(dòng)日”(在尼赫魯領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的國(guó)大黨退出內(nèi)閣計(jì)劃之后)，加爾各答的抗議者轉(zhuǎn)向暴力，整個(gè)“內(nèi)戰(zhàn)”的事情就出現(xiàn)了。1940年的穆斯林聯(lián)盟明確表示，他們不需要一個(gè)單獨(dú)的國(guó)家，而是要一個(gè)由印度和巴基斯坦組成的“聯(lián)邦”國(guó)家。尼赫魯是一個(gè)社會(huì)主義者，他想要一個(gè)“強(qiáng)大的”中央政府(看看印度的結(jié)果，我寧愿內(nèi)閣代表團(tuán)繼續(xù)執(zhí)行這個(gè)計(jì)劃，但我們?cè)谶@里談?wù)摰氖莾蓚€(gè)高度自私的人——尼赫魯和真納)，而真納想要一個(gè)中央軟弱的聯(lián)邦政府?！爸苯有袆?dòng)日”是國(guó)大黨對(duì)穆斯林同行缺乏尊重的結(jié)果，結(jié)果嚇壞了他們（因?yàn)樗麄兛吹侥滤沽致?lián)盟宣布自己是一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的反對(duì)派）。

There are many angles to what lead to creation of Pakistan, here are some political angles to it:
1. Muslim League leaders were feudal, and were against Congress' proposed land reforms.
2. The western powers that be were wary of such large chunk of Asia succumbing to the Soviet unx and Com...ism (remember that Nehru was a Socialist).
3. Congress wanted total-power (and boy does power corrupt)!
With Musli... figthing and getting their own country, one has to wonder why wasn't Congress fearful of the South Indians (they too were culturally different, and spoke different language) asking for a separate country? It's a bit unfortunate what happened.
Now, for reasons why there'd never be a civil war:
1. Jinnah, though galvanized Musli... in the subcontinent under one banner, a majority of them were against him and were aware of his political ambitions!
2.The Mullahs of United Provinces (Patna, Bihar, India, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, Delhi and such) were against creation of a Muslim State (although a majority did move to Pakistan after the partition).
3. Muslim League wasn't popular in Punjab (a province that is the largest (both area wise and population wise in the present day Pakistan). Muslim League couldn't even win an election there, let alone rule the state!
4. Muslim League wasn't popular in the present day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan and FATA. The Musli... there were fully behind Badshah Khan and his non-violent ways (Its tragic that most terrorists and terrorist organizations have their roots in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan and FATA, Badshah Khan would be turning in his grave at the present state of affairs there). In fact, 49% of Musli... voted to be a part of India during a referendum.

導(dǎo)致巴基斯坦成立的原因有很多角度，以下是一些政治角度:
1、穆斯林聯(lián)盟領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人是封建的，反對(duì)國(guó)大黨提出的土地改革。
2、西方大國(guó)十分警惕如此大的亞洲地區(qū)會(huì)屈服于蘇聯(lián)和共產(chǎn)主義（記住尼赫魯是社會(huì)主義者）。
3、國(guó)大黨想要完全的權(quán)力（天哪，權(quán)力會(huì)導(dǎo)致腐敗）！
隨著穆斯林戰(zhàn)斗并建立了自己的國(guó)家，人們不禁要問，為什么國(guó)大黨不害怕南印度人(他們也有不同的文化，說(shuō)不同的語(yǔ)言)要求一個(gè)獨(dú)立的國(guó)家？發(fā)生的事情有點(diǎn)不幸。
這就是為什么永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)發(fā)生內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的原因:
1、真納雖然在一面旗幟下激勵(lì)了次大陸的穆斯林，但他們中的大多數(shù)人都反對(duì)他，并意識(shí)到他的政治野心!
2、聯(lián)合?。ò吞啬?、比哈爾邦、印度、勒克瑙、北方邦、印度和德里等）的毛拉人反對(duì)建立穆斯林國(guó)家（盡管大多數(shù)人在分治后搬到了巴基斯坦）。
3、穆斯林聯(lián)盟在旁遮普省不受歡迎(旁遮普省是當(dāng)今巴基斯坦面積和人口最大的省份)。穆斯林聯(lián)盟連選舉都贏不了，更別說(shuō)統(tǒng)治這個(gè)邦了!
4、在今天的開伯爾-普什圖省、巴基斯坦和聯(lián)邦直轄部落地區(qū)，穆斯林聯(lián)盟并不受歡迎。那里的穆斯林完全支持巴德沙汗和他的非暴力方式(可悲的是，大多數(shù)恐怖分子和恐怖組織的根源都在開伯爾-普什圖省、巴基斯坦和聯(lián)邦直轄部落地區(qū)，按照目前的情況，巴德沙汗會(huì)在墳?zāi)估锓瓉?lái)覆去的)。事實(shí)上，在全民公決中，49%的穆斯林投票支持成為印度的一部分。

5. The Khan of Kalat wanted to accede to India and made no secret of his desire to do so. Kalat, BTW, was the capital of Balochistan (Pakistani Province).
6. The Musli... that did support the Pakistan movement were majority Bengali Bengalis.. and Bengal could have asked for a separate state (not on basis of religion, but on basis of ethnicity) and that would have been a valid claim from their side. And Bengal was/is notoriously difficult to rule. They'd have revolted, but they are small minority compared to Musli... that wanted a peaceful co-existence.
7. The Musli... of United Provinces were also strongly supportive of Pakistan, and could have caused trouble along with the Bengalis, but no one can convince me that they were more powerful than the Indian army at that time! And with leaders of stature of Gandhi, Badshah Khan and Azad still alive (and with the Mullahs still on the side of the Congress), a civil war would have been reduced to mere rioting!
8. Jinnah was ailing, and was on brink of death.. Besides Liaqat Ali Khan, Muslim League had no real leaders. No one (look up the history books) was fit enough or charismatic enough to lead Musli... into an election, let alone a war!
Parition was never a necessity, but a convenient/rapid way to get rid of the Muslim elite that Congress could afford for short-term political gain (and vice versa for the Muslim League)!
(If anything Partition of British-India should have mobilized various separatist movements in the country which would have led to the inevitable Balkansitation of the State, but it never happened)!

5、卡拉特汗想要加入印度，并且毫不掩飾他的愿望。順便說(shuō)一句，卡拉特是俾路支省(巴基斯坦省)的首府。
6、支持巴基斯坦運(yùn)動(dòng)的穆斯林大多是孟加拉的孟加拉人。孟加拉本可以要求一個(gè)獨(dú)立的國(guó)家(不是基于宗教，而是基于種族)，這對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)有效的要求。孟加拉是出了名的難以統(tǒng)治。他們可能會(huì)起來(lái)反抗，但與希望和平共處的穆斯林相比，他們只是少數(shù)。
7、聯(lián)合省的穆斯林也強(qiáng)堅(jiān)定的支持巴基斯坦，他們本可以和孟加拉人一起制造麻煩，但沒有人能讓我相信他們當(dāng)時(shí)比印度軍隊(duì)更強(qiáng)大！如果甘地、巴德沙汗和阿扎德這樣的領(lǐng)袖人物還活著(毛拉們還站在國(guó)大黨一邊)，一場(chǎng)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)就會(huì)變成純粹的暴亂!
8、真納病得很重，瀕臨死亡。除了利亞卡特·阿里·汗(Liaqat Ali Khan)，穆斯林聯(lián)盟沒有真正的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。沒有人(看看歷史書)足夠健康或有足夠的魅力來(lái)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)穆斯林參加選舉，更不用說(shuō)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)了!
分治從來(lái)不是必要的，而是一種方便/快速的擺脫穆斯林精英的方法，國(guó)大黨可以負(fù)擔(dān)得起短期政治利益(反之亦然)!！
(如果有的話，英屬印度的分治應(yīng)該在該國(guó)動(dòng)員各種分離主義運(yùn)動(dòng)，這將不可避免地導(dǎo)致國(guó)家的巴爾干化，但這從未發(fā)生過(guò))!

Milind Ravindranath
What would the Indian Subcontinent be like today had the partition been averted?
I'm new to answering complex questions in this field, but I'll try. Please help me edit it in case it's not accurate.
The geopolitics of Asia would be significantly different.
Hindustan (as I think it would have been called) would still be the world's 7th largest country. But with a population of 1.4 billion people, by around 2000 we would be the most populous nation.
The delta areas of both Ganga-Brahmaputra as well as Indus river systems would be available, making us the largest producer of rice and a number of crops, which we are in some crops already.
Who would our new neighbors have been? Instead of Pakistan, we would have had Afghanistan and Iran. What are their impacts?
Afghanistan has always been independent, with very little British occupation. Indeed a large part of Indian history is shaped by Afghan conquerors. Due to our greater tolerance and peace loving nature, we would have had greater success on its border issue than the current situation, not that we wouldn't have had any problems...
Afghanistan is strategically EXTREMELY important to us, both in reality and this scenario. This is both because it shares a border with the USSR, as well as the possibility of terrorist activity.

如果分治得以避免，今天的印度次大陸會(huì)是什么樣子？
在回答這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的復(fù)雜問題方面我還是個(gè)新手，但我會(huì)試一試。如果不準(zhǔn)確，請(qǐng)幫我編輯一下。
亞洲的地緣政治將大不相同。
印度斯坦（我認(rèn)為它會(huì)被稱為）仍然是世界第七大國(guó)家。但到2000年左右，我們就有14億人口，并成為當(dāng)時(shí)人口最多的國(guó)家。
恒河-雅魯藏布江和印度河流域的三角洲地區(qū)都將可用，使我們成為最大的水稻和多種作物生產(chǎn)國(guó)，我們已經(jīng)在種植一些作物。
我們的新鄰居會(huì)是誰(shuí)？會(huì)是阿富汗和伊朗，而不是巴基斯坦。它們的影響是什么？
阿富汗一直是獨(dú)立的，幾乎沒有被英國(guó)占領(lǐng)。事實(shí)上，印度歷史的很大一部分是由阿富汗征服者塑造的。由于我們更寬容和熱愛和平的天性，我們?cè)谶吘硢栴}上會(huì)比目前的局勢(shì)取得更大的成功，但這并不是說(shuō)我們就不會(huì)有任何問題。
無(wú)論是在現(xiàn)實(shí)中還是在這種情況下，阿富汗對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)都具有極其重要的戰(zhàn)略意義。這既是因?yàn)樗c蘇聯(lián)接壤，也是因?yàn)榭植阑顒?dòng)的可能性。

Until 1973 there was a stable rule in Afghanistan, under the reign of Zahir Shah. As far as I know the coup that happened, as well as the one in 1978 didn't have any Pakistani or US involvement. The result of the com...st party coming to power wasn't liked by the USA.
Due to the common border with the USSR, India and USSR would have pushed hard for a favourable trade route. To that end, R&AW would have carried out its signature secret moves, ushering more stability in the region. As I imagine, the coup of 1978 MAY NOT have taken place. The democratic regime would have stayed, because India would NOT have wanted USA to feel threatened by a com...st regime so close to Iran ( = oil).
This would have also resulted in friendly ties with the -stans, especially Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, the immediate neighbours of Afghanistan.
Trade with the USSR would have begun over land, leading to some development in the region, both in NorthWestFrontierProvince, as well as the trade route through Afghan territory.
Pakistan had border issues with Afghans, because the line was drawn around a century before Pakistan was formed. India being a much more persuasive country, would have settled on some generous agreement with Afghans, resulting in even greater stability.
In short, the USSR invasion of Afghanistan would NOT have happened.
Being a direct neighbour of Iran, we would have had a LOT of trade, resulting in significant political influence. Trade of oil over land would have made us more prosperous. Iran also would have been better off having a sympathetic ally, and would have together with Hindustan and USSR, finally managed to bring peace to Afghanistan.

直到1973年，在查希爾·沙阿(Zahir Shah)的統(tǒng)治下，阿富汗一直保持著穩(wěn)定的統(tǒng)治。據(jù)我所知，發(fā)生的政變以及1978年的政變，巴基斯坦或美國(guó)完全沒有參與，共產(chǎn)黨執(zhí)政不受美國(guó)的歡迎。
由于與蘇聯(lián)的共同邊界，印度和蘇聯(lián)將努力推動(dòng)有利的貿(mào)易路線。為此，印度研究分析處（R＆AW）將采取其標(biāo)志性的秘密行動(dòng)，為該地區(qū)帶來(lái)更多的穩(wěn)定。正如我想象的那樣，1978年的政變可能不會(huì)發(fā)生。民主政權(quán)會(huì)留下來(lái)，因?yàn)橛《炔幌Ｍ绹?guó)對(duì)一個(gè)與伊朗（代表了石油）關(guān)系如此密切的共產(chǎn)主義政權(quán)感到威脅。
這也將導(dǎo)致與斯坦國(guó)家的友好關(guān)系，特別是與阿富汗的近鄰烏茲別克斯坦和塔吉克斯坦的友好關(guān)系。
與蘇聯(lián)的貿(mào)易將在陸地上開始，從而導(dǎo)致該地區(qū)的一些發(fā)展，包括西北邊境省，以及通過(guò)阿富汗領(lǐng)土的貿(mào)易路線。
巴基斯坦與阿富汗人之間存在邊界問題，因?yàn)檫@條線是在巴基斯坦成立前一個(gè)世紀(jì)左右劃定的。印度是一個(gè)更有說(shuō)服力的國(guó)家，本可以與阿富汗人達(dá)成一些慷慨的協(xié)議，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)更大的穩(wěn)定。
簡(jiǎn)而言之，蘇聯(lián)入侵阿富汗是不會(huì)發(fā)生的。
作為伊朗的直接鄰國(guó)，我們本可以進(jìn)行大量貿(mào)易，從而產(chǎn)生重大的政治影響。在陸地上進(jìn)行石油貿(mào)易會(huì)使我們更加繁榮。伊朗如果有一個(gè)富有同情心的盟友也會(huì)更好，它會(huì)與印度斯坦和蘇聯(lián)一起，最終成功地為阿富汗帶來(lái)和平。

In short, 9/11 and subsequent Afghanistan invasion would NOT have happened.
The US-oriented Shah of Iran, which the US had to install in order to keep oil safe, might NOT have had to do that, because of the presence of India which would pressure it in milder ways, yet enough to keep the US happy.
Nevertheless the Iran-Iraq war was inevitable and would have happened anyway. India would have sided with Iran in some way, creating problems with world powers. However, no one would have been able to ignore Hindustan, and at worst, we would have no change in relations.
As you can all see, there''s a pattern. India is completely unique in its geopolitical relations.
As the world''s largest muslim country, YET being secular, means that all muslim countries, including Saudi Arabia, would have no choice but to take Hindustan seriously. Enormous "soft power"
India had great ties with USSR and Russia all through, and that would have been much stronger in this scenario.
Yet, because it''s a market driven economy, and not in bed with the com...sts, it would have endeared the USA.
Of course, this means China would be a greater threat, due to rising power of Hindustan, at least geopolitically. Economically, they would be still ages ahead of us.
After the breakup of the USSR, friendly relations with the -stans and Russia would make land trade viable. All regions except East Asia would be more peaceful. Iraq was destined to land in soup though, from what I can understand.

簡(jiǎn)言之，9/11和隨后的入侵阿富汗事件不會(huì)發(fā)生。
美國(guó)為了確保石油安全，美國(guó)不得不扶植伊朗國(guó)王讓其唯美國(guó)馬首是瞻，因?yàn)橛《鹊拇嬖跁?huì)以溫和的方式向其施壓，但也足以讓美國(guó)滿意。
盡管如此，兩伊戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是不可避免的，而且無(wú)論如何都會(huì)發(fā)生。印度會(huì)在某種程度上站在伊朗一邊，給世界大國(guó)制造問題。然而，沒有人能夠忽視印度斯坦，在最壞的情況下，我們的關(guān)系不會(huì)發(fā)生變化。
正如你們所看到的，這是有規(guī)律的。印度在地緣政治關(guān)系上完全是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的。
作為世界上最大的穆斯林國(guó)家，然而它是世俗的，這意味著包括沙特阿拉伯在內(nèi)的所有穆斯林國(guó)家除了認(rèn)真對(duì)待印度斯坦之外別無(wú)選擇——印度具備的巨大的“軟實(shí)力”
印度一直與蘇聯(lián)和俄羅斯保持著良好的關(guān)系，在這種情況下，這種關(guān)系會(huì)更加牢固。
然而，因?yàn)樗且粋€(gè)市場(chǎng)驅(qū)動(dòng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)體，而不會(huì)與GCD攪在一起去，所以它會(huì)受到美國(guó)的垂愛。
當(dāng)然，這意味著中國(guó)將是一個(gè)更大的WX，因?yàn)橛《人固沟牧α空谏仙?，至少在地緣政治上是這樣。在經(jīng)濟(jì)上，中國(guó)仍將領(lǐng)先我們很多年。
蘇聯(lián)解體后，與斯坦國(guó)家和俄羅斯的友好關(guān)系將使陸地貿(mào)易變得可行。除東亞以外的所有地區(qū)都將更加和平。但在我看來(lái)，伊拉克注定會(huì)陷入困境。

Prashant
Does Pakistan regret their partition from India?
Most of the answers here from Pakistan claim that they won a country for themselves and are patting themselves on the back for it.
If only they knew their potential! Historically Musli... were ruling large parts of India. From being unchallenged rulers of Indian subcontinent in the year 1700 to running scared to the two corners of the the subcontinent(literally one corner in east and another in west) in 1947, muslim community has gone so far down that they don't even recognise their potential anymore. The Hindus should thank two particular muslim gentlemen — aurangazeb and jinnah for this Hindu emancipation.
Let us look at achievement of jinnah. If he had not demanded Pakistan the combined population of India would have been about 1.8B of which about 0.6B (including Bangladesh) would have been muslim. If things had gone normally this combined nation would have become a democracy with a muslim vote bank of 33 percent. This community would have been the king makers just like good old days-this time by the weight of numbers. Most Pakistanis have not lived in a multi religious society will not be able to immediately recognise this but many studies have shown that muslim votes in India are generally not fragmented like the other communities and can be a force multiplier. In mixed neighborhood any body they support would automatically win. Atleast 35–40 percent of the seats in parliament would automatically be taken by muslim league + allies all the time. Forget Modi, india as a whole would look much more Islamic. Any right wing Hindu politics would be restricted to certain fringe areas.

巴基斯坦后悔與印度分治嗎？
巴基斯坦的大多數(shù)回答都聲稱，他們?yōu)樽约黑A得了一個(gè)國(guó)家，并為此而自鳴得意。
要是他們知道自己的潛力就好了！歷史上，穆斯林統(tǒng)治著印度的大部分地區(qū)。從1700年成為印度次大陸無(wú)可匹敵的統(tǒng)治者，到1947年因害怕而跑到次大陸的兩個(gè)角落（實(shí)際上是東部的一個(gè)角落和西部的另一個(gè)角落），穆斯林社區(qū)已經(jīng)墮落到他們甚至不再意識(shí)到自己的潛力。印度教徒應(yīng)該感謝兩位特別的穆斯林先生——奧朗則布和真納，他們?yōu)橛《鹊慕夥抛龀隽素暙I(xiàn)。
讓我們看看真納的成就。如果他沒有要求巴基斯坦的話，印度的總?cè)丝趯⒓s為18億，其中約6億（包括孟加拉國(guó)）將是穆斯林。如果一切正常，這個(gè)合并后的國(guó)家將成為一個(gè)擁有33%穆斯林選票的民主國(guó)家。這一次，憑借數(shù)量的優(yōu)勢(shì)，這個(gè)社群將像過(guò)去一樣成為國(guó)王的制造者。大多數(shù)沒有生活在多宗教社會(huì)的巴基斯坦人無(wú)法立即認(rèn)識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)，但許多研究表明，印度的穆斯林選票通常不像其他社區(qū)那樣分散，其實(shí)是可以成為力量倍增器的。在混合社群，他們支持的任何團(tuán)體都會(huì)自動(dòng)獲勝。至少35 - 40%的議會(huì)席位會(huì)自動(dòng)被穆斯林聯(lián)盟和盟友占據(jù)。忘了莫迪吧，整個(gè)印度看起來(lái)會(huì)更加伊斯蘭。任何右翼印度教政治都將被限制在某些邊緣地區(qū)。

Instead jinnah ensured that subcontinent muslim strength is divided into two and now three (although nobody could have foreseen Bangladesh back then)equal parts. More importantly thanks to Jinnah making it a Hindu Muslim issue, the entire non muslim population of subcontinent has aggregated into one political entity called India. This is the first time in the last 1500 years that Marathas, Rajputs, jats, Sikhs, Bengalis, South Indian are a single political entity and considers islamic Pakistan as enemy. And to top it all, educated, enlightened Musli... have run away to pakistan or Bangladesh leaving behind a large mass of leaderless vulnerable uneducated muslim population who are clueless. Perfect for the rise of Hindu right wing.
At times I wonder if jinnah really thought through his demand. I feel he would not have been happy with the state of the affairs that his decisions and actions have effected. Not that he would not have wanted partition even in hindsight but even he would have agreed that he should have gone about it differently.

相反，真納確保了次大陸的穆斯林力量被分成兩部分，現(xiàn)在是三部分（盡管當(dāng)時(shí)沒有人能預(yù)見到孟加拉國(guó)）。更重要的是，由于真納將其作為印度教-穆斯林問題，整個(gè)次大陸的所有非穆斯林人口聚集成一個(gè)政治實(shí)體，叫做印度。這是1500年來(lái)馬拉地人、拉杰普特人、賈特人、錫克教徒、孟加拉人、南印度人第一次成為一個(gè)政治實(shí)體，并將伊斯蘭巴基斯坦視為敵人。最重要的是，受過(guò)教育、開明的穆斯林逃到了巴基斯坦或孟加拉國(guó)，留下了大量沒有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、脆弱、沒有受過(guò)教育、一無(wú)所知的穆斯林人口，非常適合印度教右翼的崛起。
有時(shí)我想知道真納是否真的考慮過(guò)他的要求。我覺得他不會(huì)對(duì)他的決定和行動(dòng)所造成的事態(tài)感到滿意。即使事后看來(lái)，并不是說(shuō)他不希望分治，但即使是他也會(huì)贊同這個(gè)的——他原本應(yīng)該采取不同的做法。

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