我怎樣才能輕松地學(xué)習(xí)英語(二)
How can I learn English easily?譯文簡介
網(wǎng)友:我已經(jīng)回答過類似的問題,我在這里重復(fù)一下答案。我們大多數(shù)人(尤其是印度人)用母語造句,翻譯成英語,然后在談話中使用。你必須停止那樣做。開始用英語思考。這有點(diǎn)難,但隨著時間的推移,它會變得更容易和形成本能.......
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How can I learn English easily?
我怎樣才能輕松地學(xué)習(xí)英語?
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I have already answered a similar question. Let me reproduce the answer here.
Most of us (especially, Indians) form a sentence in our native language, translate it in English and then use it in a conversation. You have to stop doing that. Start thinking in English. Its a bit tough, but it will become easier and spontaneous with time. Don't think in your native language, think in English. This is the biggest hurdle in the process of improving your communication skills. Once you cross it, nothing can stop you.
Now how to do that? Simple. Speak with your mind whenever you get time. But speak in English. Don't worry about grammar. Just speak.
Now, let's focus on improving your fluency.
我已經(jīng)回答過類似的問題,我在這里重復(fù)一下答案。
我們大多數(shù)人(尤其是印度人)用母語造句,翻譯成英語,然后在談話中使用。你必須停止那樣做。開始用英語思考。這有點(diǎn)難,但隨著時間的推移,它會變得更容易和形成本能。不要用母語思考,要用英語思考。這是提高溝通技巧過程中最大的障礙。一旦你能做到,就沒有什么能阻止你。
怎么做呢?簡單,只要有時間就說出你的想法,但是要用英語說出來。不要擔(dān)心語法。只是說話。
現(xiàn)在,讓我們集中精力提高你的流利度。
For example, lets say you read an article about drought in India. After reading it, think about it for some time. Then talk to yourself about it. Stand in front of a mirror and explain the issue to your reflection. Sounds funny, right? But trust me, it will help. And also think about what can be done to solve the problem, its outcomes etc and tell it to your reflection. Initially you will feel embarrassed, but keep doing it and you will certainly improve your English.
One more activity that might help. I assume you have a laptop or pc (even a smartphone would work). Download some good serials (I will recommend Sherlock, Suits and GOT(caution: this one not for children)) and watch them by keeping subtitles on. Understand how they talk, how they pronounce a particular word. Then mute that serial and try to make similar pronunciations by reading those subtitles. It will not only improve your pronunciation but also boost your confidence.
One more activity that might improve your fluency in English. Find a friend/relative/anyone (being an Indian, I know that this can be a bit tough as whenever you start speaking in english, you are accused of "shininig") who speaks English fluently and converse with him as much as possible. Ask him/her to point out your mistakes and tell you how to correct them
開始閱讀報紙、雜志、小說、博客和任何你能閱讀的東西。但不要只是閱讀,試著理解它。并對此發(fā)表意見。尤其是關(guān)于社論、觀點(diǎn)和問題。
例如,假設(shè)你讀了一篇關(guān)于印度干旱的文章。看完之后,想一想。然后和自己談?wù)?。站在鏡子前,向自己的鏡像解釋這個問題。聽起來很有趣,對吧?但相信我,這會有所幫助。同時思考可以做些什么來解決問題和會有什么結(jié)果等,并告訴你自己的想法。一開始你會感到尷尬,但繼續(xù)這樣做,肯定會提高你的英語水平。
還有一項活動可能會有所幫助。我假設(shè)你有一臺筆記本電腦或個人電腦(即使是智能手機(jī)也可以)。下載一些不錯的連續(xù)?。ㄎ視扑]《神探夏洛克》、《金裝律師》和《GOT》(注意:這部不適合兒童)),并打開字幕觀看。了解他們是如何說話的,他們是如何發(fā)音的。然后把連續(xù)劇調(diào)成靜音,試著通過讀字幕來發(fā)出類似的發(fā)音。這不僅能提高你的發(fā)音,還能增強(qiáng)你的信心。
還有一項活動可以提高你的英語流利度。找一個英語流利的朋友/親戚/任何人(作為印度人,我知道這可能有點(diǎn)困難,因為每當(dāng)你開始用英語說話時,你都會被指責(zé)為“秀”),并盡可能多地與他交談。讓他/她指出你的錯誤并告訴你如何改正。
This is a technique known as 'shadowing' that I learnt in Japanese class, which I find tremendously helpful for short-term oral fluency improvement.
Watch your favorite English language TV show or movie, and as the characters speak, repeat loudly the exact words they are saying the moment you hear them. In other words, 'shadow' their dialogue in real-time. Don't worry about getting every word or sound right - focus on listening carefully, moving along quickly and keeping pace. After the movie ends, repeat the exact same movie and do it again. And again.
By forcing yourself to speak at native speed, your brain becomes hyper-receptive to what you are hearing, and you will find yourself not only picking up the words quicker and quicker, but also unconsciously mimicking the inflections and vocal nuances that are usually difficult to learn for a non-native. It will also fix the stammer that comes with uncertainty or lack of confidence. In this way, the actors in the movie become your speaking partners.
This will be perfect practice just before your interview. Look for some interview practice videos on YouTube, then shadow the entire conversation. Practice the same dialogs again and again. You will be amazed how that will improve not only your speaking, but also your ability to actively listen and react. Best of luck.
這是我在日語課上學(xué)到的一種被稱為“跟隨”的技巧,我發(fā)現(xiàn)這對短期口語流利性的提高非常有幫助。
看你最喜歡的英語電視節(jié)目或電影,當(dāng)角色說話時,大聲重復(fù)他們聽到他們說的話。換言之,實(shí)時“跟隨”他們的對話。不要擔(dān)心每一個單詞或發(fā)音都正確——專注于仔細(xì)傾聽,快速前進(jìn),跟上節(jié)奏。電影結(jié)束后,重復(fù)完全相同的電影,然后再做一遍。再說一遍。
強(qiáng)迫自己以母語的語速說話,你的大腦對你所聽到的變得高度敏感,你會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己不僅越來越快地學(xué)會單詞,而且會無意識地模仿非母語人士通常難以學(xué)習(xí)的屈折和發(fā)音細(xì)微差別。它還將修復(fù)伴隨著不確定性或缺乏信心而來的口吃。這樣,電影中的演員就成了你的演講搭檔。
這將是面試前的完美練習(xí)。在油管上找一些面試練習(xí)視頻,然后把整個對話都隱藏起來。反復(fù)練習(xí)同樣的對話。你會驚訝于這不僅能提高你的口語,還能提高你積極傾聽和反應(yīng)的能力。祝你好運(yùn)。
I think the simplest way depends on your current level. I’ve been trying to improve my english for one year, and about a month ago I got 6.5/9 score from IELTS. It is a passable grade for one year of study I think. However, there are still a lot of things that I have to learn. So, I cannot really help you if you’re at higher level than me but I’ll try to give some advice for the other learners.
If you are a beginner, you probably cannot understand this text well. However if you understand now, maybe you need to go to an english course or you can try Duolingo which is a really nice app for english learners.
If you are a pre intermediate, you probably understand the text now. Probably you have some important grammar problems, and your vocabulary is limited. For grammar, firstly you need to learn some basic tenses. You probably know simple (present, past, future) tenses. You might have some little problems in the other tenses (especially in perfect tenses). You can watch tense lessons on youtube and after watching, you can find some exercises about tenses on the internet. Leave perfect tenses for last. For general grammar and vocabulary, Duolingo is a good solution again I think. Actually I advice this application for beginners to intermediates, maybe even for upper intermediates because it has a really good system for learning step by step. Just try it.
我認(rèn)為最簡單的方法取決于你現(xiàn)在的水平。我已經(jīng)嘗試提高我的英語一年了,大約一個月前我在雅思考試中得到了6.5分(滿分9分)。我認(rèn)為這是一年學(xué)習(xí)的及格分?jǐn)?shù)。但是,我還有很多要學(xué)習(xí)的東西。所以,如果你的水平比我高,我就不能真正幫助你,但我會盡力為其他學(xué)習(xí)者提供一些建議。
如果你是一個初學(xué)者,你可能無法很好地理解這篇文章。然而,如果你現(xiàn)在明白了,也許你需要上一門英語課程,或者你可以試試Duolingo應(yīng)用程序,這是一款非常適合英語學(xué)習(xí)者的應(yīng)用程序。
如果你是準(zhǔn)中級水平,你現(xiàn)在可能已經(jīng)理解了這篇文章。也許你遇到一些重要的語法問題,并且你的詞匯量有限。對于語法來說,首先你需要學(xué)習(xí)一些基本時態(tài)。你可能知道簡單(現(xiàn)在,過去,將來)時態(tài)。你可能在其它時態(tài)(尤其是完成時態(tài))方面有一些小問題。你可以在油管上觀看時態(tài)課程,看完之后,你可以在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上找到一些關(guān)于時態(tài)的練習(xí)。把完成時態(tài)留到最后。對于一般的語法和詞匯量,我認(rèn)為用Duolingo是一個好的解決方案。實(shí)際上,我建議初學(xué)者、中級水平者甚至上中上級水平使用這個應(yīng)用程序,因為它有一個非常好的逐步學(xué)習(xí)體系。完全可以嘗試一下。
如果你是中級水平,相比低水平的人更關(guān)注你的詞匯量,還需要發(fā)現(xiàn)你的小語法錯誤。對于詞匯量而言,你可以嘗試觀看帶英文字幕的電影/電視劇。你可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)這很困難。但是,當(dāng)有人說了一些你聽不懂的話時,如果你暫停播放視頻并記下筆記,這對你來說真的很有益。在這個水平層級上,你需要開始寫作。寫一些與你感興趣的主題相關(guān)的東西。如果你知道有人英語非常好,不要猶豫!把你寫出的東西交給他/她,并征求反饋意見。在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上找到聽力練習(xí)(“邊聽邊記”練習(xí)對中級學(xué)員來說可能很難,可以嘗試找一些普通的聽力練習(xí))。
如果你是中高級水平,你應(yīng)該已經(jīng)解決了關(guān)于時態(tài)的所有問題。如果還存在問題,就要理解并解決它。語法是一個重要的主題,如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)你犯了一個語法錯誤,立即搜索它,找出真正的用法。寫作非常重要,因為當(dāng)你寫作時,你可以發(fā)現(xiàn)你的語法錯誤、發(fā)現(xiàn)你匱乏的詞匯,并有機(jī)會學(xué)習(xí)這些東西。然而,在這個水平,不規(guī)則的寫作對你沒有幫助,所以你需要學(xué)習(xí)如何寫一篇短文。什么是短文?這是一篇短文的簡要說明。在我看來,段落布局很重要。你需要一個引言(從一般到具體,以及你要在這篇文章中說什么),主體段落(你的想法)和結(jié)論(簡單地說,這就是我在這篇文章中所說的話)。如果你搜索“雅思作文主題”,你可以找到大量的好話題。不要低估看英文字幕的力量。在這個水平上,你幾乎可以流利地觀看,即使你不知道單詞的意思,你也可以從上下文中理解單詞意思。試著找一個用英語交談或聊天的人會有很大幫助,但如果你找不到人,試著在QA上讀一些問題,自己回答或?qū)懖莞濉_@聽起來很瘋狂,但它確實(shí)有效。
去年我參加了一個英語課程。然而,它只是我做這些事情的一個工具。當(dāng)然,他們是沒有魔法棒的。它們只是讓你按順序做這些事情。如果我不去上課,也許我不能做所有這些事情,因為我有點(diǎn)懶。然而,這并不意味著你不能在沒有課程或老師的情況下做這些事情。如果你經(jīng)常學(xué)習(xí)并且不放棄,你可以做到這一點(diǎn)。
How did you learn English?
"I'm sorry, can you please speak a bit slowly?"
In India, we are used to listening and speaking English in our unique 'Indian' way.
I was never too comfortable talking to work clients who spoke with heavy foreign accents,
I’d always have the subtitles turned on while watching any English movie.
When it was decided that we would be moving to London, my over thinking mind started imagining things- good and bad (and worst)
I boarded the flight and was greeted by British crewmembers. ?
Life in that moment seemed like a movie trailer WITHOUTSUBTITLES... ?? Movie began after reaching London!! ??
I started avoiding talking to people.
It wasn't a pleasant experience because I’d always loved talking to people. I felt left out and under confident.
你是怎么學(xué)英語的?
“對不起,你能說慢一點(diǎn)嗎?”
在印度,我們習(xí)慣于用我們獨(dú)特的“印度人”的方式聽和說英語。
與操著濃重外國口音的工作客戶交談時,我一直都不太自在,
我看任何英文電影的時候都會打開字幕。
當(dāng)我們決定搬到倫敦時,我過度思考的頭腦開始想象事情——好的和壞的(以及最壞的)
我登上了飛機(jī),受到了英國機(jī)組人員的歡迎
那一刻的生活就像一部沒有字幕的電影預(yù)告片,電影到達(dá)倫敦后就開始了!
我開始避免與人交談。
這不是一次愉快的經(jīng)歷,因為我本一直喜歡與人交談。我感到被冷落,缺乏自信。
I realised that no one can learn to swim without going into water. Similarly I needed to talk in order to learn the language and the accent.
?I started with watching British Netflix series without subtitles (Thanks to “The Crown”)
? I attended Meetup events and made new friends
? I made myself comfortable in saying “Sorry, can you repeat” or “Can you please speak slowly?"
To my surprise, I realized that it wasn't as difficult as I thought it to be!
Its 6 months now and I am happy to realise that now it is the last thing on my mind while talking to people.
Not that I now understand all the accents but it’s not a blocker anymore - not in communication and not on my mind!
At times we make something too big in our minds, when we actually get into it, we may realise that it was not as difficult.
And more importantly, we need to give ourselves some time, patience and kindness.
Happy learning.
幾天過去了,我意識到這行不通。我需要做點(diǎn)什么。
我意識到?jīng)]有人不下水就能學(xué)會游泳。同樣,為了學(xué)習(xí)語言和口音,我需要說話。
我開始看Netflix的英劇,沒有字幕(感謝《王冠》)
我參加了交流會活動并結(jié)交了新朋友
我說“對不起,你能再說一遍嗎”或“你能說慢一點(diǎn)嗎?”
令我驚訝的是,我意識到這并沒有我想象的那么難!
現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)6個月了,我很高興地意識到,現(xiàn)在這變?yōu)槲遗c人交談時最不需要去考慮的事情。
并不是說我現(xiàn)在能聽懂所有的口音,但它不再是一個障礙——不在交流中,也不在我的腦海中!
有時我們把一些事情想得太大,當(dāng)我們真正去做的時候,我們可能會意識到它并沒有那么難。
更重要的是,我們需要給自己一些時間、耐心和善意。
快樂的學(xué)習(xí)。
How do I learn English grammar easily and become fluent at speaking English?
Assess your level of fluency. There are plenty of websites that let you test how fluent you are in English. Google them. Ask someone, who is already a fluent speaker, just how good your spoken english is. Mobile apps like Elevate and Duolingo can help as well. Check how much you can understand, speak and write.
Buy a book. Once you are done assessing yourself, buy a good book of English Grammar that you are comfortable with. Read the examples and practise the exercises given in the book daily.
Read. Start off with reading books/articles that have simple language. By simple, I mean a book that you think you can undertand and one that doesn't have too many big, multi-syllable words. As you improve, pick up books that you find a little challenging to understand. Keep a notebook handy and pen down new words and confusing grammar that you encounter. Google their meaning(s) and how they are used.
Listen. Watch. Along with reading, listen to radio/podcasts and watch news/tv series/movies in English. It's going to be hard. Keep going. Use subtitles. Rewind and watch/listen to the parts you didn't understand. Again, use the notebook I mentioned above and note down new words and grammar, and Google them.
Speak. Huh? How do I speak if I haven't learned the language yet? You can. Find someone you can speak to and ask them to correct you when you are wrong. Can't find anyone? No problem. Speak to yourself in front of a mirror. Sounds weird, I know. It is. But it works, trust me.
Now finally, a piece of advice that my teacher gave me when I first started learning English:
“The more you read, the better you'll be able to write. The more you listen, the better you'll be able to speak.”
Also, I'm still learning and my English isn't perfect just yet, so I apologize for any mistakes I might have made in this answer.
Keep learning and you'll be fluent soon.
I hope this helps. All the best.
我怎樣才能輕松地學(xué)習(xí)英語語法并流利地說英語?
評估你的流利程度。有很多網(wǎng)站可以讓你測試自己的英語流利程度。用谷歌搜索,問問英語已經(jīng)說得很流利的人,你的英語口語有多好。像Elevate和Duolingo等移動應(yīng)用程序也可以提供幫助。檢查你能聽懂多少,說多少,寫多少。
買本書,一旦你完成了自我評估,就買一本你熟悉的好英語語法書。每天閱讀示例并練習(xí)書中給出的練習(xí)。
閱讀,從閱讀語言簡單的書籍或文章開始。所謂簡單,我的意思是一本你認(rèn)為你能理解的書,一本沒有太多糟糕的、多音節(jié)的單詞的書。隨著你的進(jìn)步,拿起你覺得有點(diǎn)難以理解的書。把筆記本放在手邊,記下你遇到的新詞和令人困惑的語法。用谷歌搜索它們的含義和使用方式。
聽看,除了閱讀,聽廣播/播客,看英語新聞/電視劇/電影。這會很難。繼續(xù)就好,打開字幕,倒帶看/聽你不懂的部分。再次,使用我上面提到的筆記本,記下新詞和語法,然后用谷歌搜索。
說,如果我還沒有學(xué)會這門語言,我該怎么說?你可以的。找一個可以和你說話的人,當(dāng)你錯了的時候請他們糾正你。找不到人?沒問題。對著鏡子自言自語。聽起來很奇怪吧。我知道它很奇怪。但它確實(shí)有效,相信我。
最后,當(dāng)我剛開始學(xué)習(xí)英語時,老師給了我一條建議:
“你讀得越多,寫得越好。你聽得越多,說得越好?!?br /> 此外,我還在學(xué)習(xí),我的英語還不完美,所以我為我在這個答案中可能犯的任何錯誤道歉。
繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí),你很快就能流利的說它了。
我希望這能有所幫助,愿一切都好!
I believe in the “ball of string” theory of learning English. Imagine that the English language is an infinitely long piece of string. You begin rolling the string into a ball. The English that you have mastered, can repeat and understand almost perfectly, is your ball of string.
Your ball of string begins with the English words and expressions that you might hear everyday: “Hello,” “How are you?” “How much is it?” “Where’s the bathroom?” “Coffee and a cheese sandwich please.” “Nice weather today.” “Tomorrow.” “Next Monday.” “That’s nice!” All the simple words and expressions that you hear constantly repeated. Assuming you are somewhere where people around you speak English, you don’t need to learn any grammar or how to conjugate verbs or have a vocabulary of unusual words or expressions. If you are surrounded by people who speak English and you pay attention, you will discover that in daily conversation people use a small variety of words. English, as it is spoken in daily life, is repetitive and redundant. You only need to learn how to understand and repeat the things you hear most often being said around you in order to begin “your ball of string.”
When you are rolling a ball of string as the ball gets bigger, it becomes easier and easier to add more string and you will do it faster and faster. Learning is the process of adding something new to what you already know. The process is fast and efficient because you only learn what you really need to know right now. In every course, book or program for learning English, you will be asked to learn things that you don’t need immediately and you may never need. For example, a course or book might encourage you to learn, the conjugation of the verb “to write” in the present continuous: “I am writing, you are writing, he is writing, we are writing, you are writing, they are writing.” In real life you are probably never going to say any of these things, so why waste time learning them. Learn only what you need right now for your life, interests and occupation, (maybe “I’m writing to him right now” will be useful), the rest you will be able to learn easily when your ball of string is much bigger.
我相信學(xué)習(xí)英語的“線團(tuán) ”理論。想象一下,英語是一根無限長的繩子。你開始把繩子卷成一個球。你已經(jīng)掌握的英語,能夠幾乎完美地重復(fù)和理解,就是你的線團(tuán)。
你的線團(tuán)從你每天可能聽到的英語單詞和短語開始:“你好”、“你好嗎?”、“多少錢?”、浴室在哪里?”、請給我咖啡和奶酪三明治?!敖裉焯鞖夂芎?。”、“明天?!?、下周一?!疤昧耍 蹦懵牭降乃泻唵蔚膯卧~和表達(dá)都會不斷重復(fù)。假設(shè)你在一個周圍人都說英語的地方,你不需要學(xué)習(xí)任何語法或動詞的變化,也不需要掌握不尋常的單詞或表達(dá)。如果你周圍都是說英語的人,并且你注意一下,你會發(fā)現(xiàn)在日常對話中人們使用的詞匯很少。日常生活中所說的英語是重復(fù)和冗余的。你只需要學(xué)會如何理解和重復(fù)你周圍最常聽到的話,就可以開始積累“你的線團(tuán)”了。
當(dāng)你在滾動一個線球時,隨著球變大,添加更多的線變得越來越容易,你會學(xué)得越來越快。學(xué)習(xí)是在你已經(jīng)知道的基礎(chǔ)上增加一些新東西的過程。這個過程快速而高效,因為你現(xiàn)在只學(xué)習(xí)你真正需要知道的東西。在每門學(xué)習(xí)英語的課程、書籍或項目中,你都會被要求學(xué)習(xí)一些你現(xiàn)在不需要的東西,或者你永遠(yuǎn)都不需要的東西。例如,某門課程或某本書可能會鼓勵你學(xué)習(xí)動詞“寫”在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時中的變化:“我在寫,你在寫,他在寫,我們在寫,你在寫,他們在寫?!痹诂F(xiàn)實(shí)生活中,你可能永遠(yuǎn)不會說這些話,為什么要浪費(fèi)時間學(xué)習(xí)呢。只學(xué)習(xí)你現(xiàn)在的生活、興趣和職業(yè)需要的東西(也許“我現(xiàn)在正在給他寫信”會有用),當(dāng)你的線球變大時,其他的你就能輕松地學(xué)會了。
Even if you are taking a course to learn English, you can use this “ball of string” approach. I have often told teachers of English that what they are teaching is not necessarily what students are learning. Imagine a teacher is giving a lesson on verb tenses and asks each student in turn to repeat the different tenses. He might say “okay, good,” and “now your turn,” “very good” and “now you.” The teacher might think he is teaching the verb tenses but what the attentive, ball-of-string student will learn is “okay, good,” “now your turn,” very good” and “now you.”
這種方法意味著你要專注于你已經(jīng)知道的,練習(xí)、重復(fù)和完善你知道的知識,而不是不斷地嘗試學(xué)習(xí)一些你不知道的、可能永遠(yuǎn)不需要的知識。如果你生活在一個周圍人不會說英語的地區(qū),你必須嘗試人為地創(chuàng)造一種環(huán)境,使“線團(tuán)”方法能夠發(fā)揮作用。我建議你看電視肥皂劇,而不看大制作的節(jié)目。預(yù)算越低,電視節(jié)目就越依賴于演員用正常的對話和共同的語言說話。你甚至不必理解這個節(jié)目,只需理解最常用的單詞和短語就可以了。
即使你正在學(xué)習(xí)英語課程,你也可以使用這種“線團(tuán)”的方法。我經(jīng)常告訴英語老師,他們所教的不一定是學(xué)生學(xué)到的。想象一下,一位老師正在上動詞時態(tài)的課,并要求每個學(xué)生依次重復(fù)不同的時態(tài)。他可能會說“好吧,很好”、“現(xiàn)在輪到你了”、“非常好”和“現(xiàn)在你了”。老師可能認(rèn)為他在教動詞時態(tài),但專心的學(xué)生會學(xué)到“好吧、很好”,“現(xiàn)在該輪到你了,”非常好“和”現(xiàn)在到你了“