器官捐獻中隱藏的真相是什么?
What are some hidden truths of organ donations?
譯文簡介
Quora問答
有關(guān)器官捐獻的不知道的事情
正文翻譯
Sean Kernan
People assume that when you get an organ donation, the old organ is taken out like an old car part and replaced.
That’s not always the case. For example, with kidney transplants—they leave your bad kidneys in your body.
Your new transplanted kidney goes in your abdominal area. They reroute an artery to that kidney, where it then purifies your blood and sends liquid down to your bladder.
The cool thing about kidney transplants though—is that when people get them, they often feel quite a bit better right away.
My friend got one and she was like a new person almost immediately.
Also, please be an organ donor. You can’t take these parts with you.
人們想當(dāng)然地認為，當(dāng)你得到器官捐贈時，舊的器官會像舊汽車零件一樣被取出替換。
但情況并非總是如此。例如，有時腎臟移植會把壞的腎臟留在體內(nèi)。
你的新移植腎放置在你的腹部區(qū)域。他們改變了一條通往腎臟的動脈，在那里它會凈化你的血液并把液體送到你的膀胱。
腎臟移植最酷的一點是，當(dāng)人們接受移植時，他們通常會立刻感覺好多了。
我的朋友移植了一個，她幾乎立刻就像換了一個人。
請成為器官捐贈者。你不能把這些零件帶走。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://nxnpts.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處
People assume that when you get an organ donation, the old organ is taken out like an old car part and replaced.
That’s not always the case. For example, with kidney transplants—they leave your bad kidneys in your body.
Your new transplanted kidney goes in your abdominal area. They reroute an artery to that kidney, where it then purifies your blood and sends liquid down to your bladder.
The cool thing about kidney transplants though—is that when people get them, they often feel quite a bit better right away.
My friend got one and she was like a new person almost immediately.
Also, please be an organ donor. You can’t take these parts with you.
人們想當(dāng)然地認為，當(dāng)你得到器官捐贈時，舊的器官會像舊汽車零件一樣被取出替換。
但情況并非總是如此。例如，有時腎臟移植會把壞的腎臟留在體內(nèi)。
你的新移植腎放置在你的腹部區(qū)域。他們改變了一條通往腎臟的動脈，在那里它會凈化你的血液并把液體送到你的膀胱。
腎臟移植最酷的一點是，當(dāng)人們接受移植時，他們通常會立刻感覺好多了。
我的朋友移植了一個，她幾乎立刻就像換了一個人。
請成為器官捐贈者。你不能把這些零件帶走。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://nxnpts.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處
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That’s an interesting fact, even we as doctors usually don’t know about it;
Removing the old native kidney is too risky requiring an extra unnecessary major operation, so it's only done if any severe issue is going on with the kidney or could cause a problem in the future.
這是一個有趣的事實，即使我們作為醫(yī)生通常也不知道;
摘除老舊的原生腎臟風(fēng)險太大，需要額外的不必要的大手術(shù)，所以只有在腎臟出現(xiàn)嚴重問題或可能在未來造成問題時才會進行手術(shù)。
I was thinking that, yeah. If the reason to remove is kidney cancer, for example, then it is going to have to be removed anyway (though that might represent a bleeding risk since kidneys receive A LOT of blood flow).
我是這么想的。例如，如果切除的原因是腎癌，那么無論如何它都必須切除(盡管這可能代表出血的風(fēng)險，因為腎臟承擔(dān)大量的血液流動工作)。
Well, I have heard living people donating one of their kidneys for their children or siblings. Why would doctors allow it of it's so dangerous? .
我聽說過有人捐出一個腎臟給他們的孩子或兄弟姐妹。既然這么危險，為什么醫(yī)生會允許呢?．
I think the word is “risky”, not “dangerous”. I know one guy who disallowed any of his relatives to give him another kidney, because he said he could not live with the knowledge, that a relative was paralyzed because of him (that’s one of the risks I understood, you need to cut uncomfortably close to the spine). He later acquired a kidney from a deceased person. When he got the info “we have a kidney for you, arrive immediately at hospital”. He also read in the newspaper four youngster had just died in a high speed car crash.
我認為這個詞應(yīng)該是“冒險的”，而不是“危險的”。我認識一個人，他不允許他的親戚給他另一個腎，因為他說他無法忍受一個親戚因為他而癱瘓(這是我所理解的風(fēng)險之一，你需要剪得離脊柱很近，令人不安)。后來，他從一位死者那里獲得了一個腎臟。當(dāng)他得到消息“我們有一個腎臟給你，馬上到醫(yī)院”。他在報紙上看到四個孩子剛剛死于一場高速車禍。
A friend who is a transplant recipient said that also the diseased kidneys often still have some degree of function, so that's an added plus.
一位接受移植的朋友說，患病的腎臟通常還保留一定程度的功能，所以這是一個額外的好處。
I never knew they left the old kidney in there! But then the kidneys are hard to reach since they are at the very back of the human body, so I guess it makes sense. I plan on being an organ donor and donating all of my organs if I die early/once I die. My parents already signed their organ donation card, and I plan to as well, once this pandemic blows over.
我從不知道他們把舊腎留在那里了!不過腎臟很難到達，因為它們位于人體的最后面，所以我想這是講得通的。我計劃成為器官捐贈者，如果我早死/一旦我死了，我就捐獻我所有的器官。我父母早已簽了器官捐贈卡，等疫情過去，我也打算簽了。
I might sell a kidney or two to afford the RTX 2080Ti.
我可能會賣一兩個腎來買RTX 2080Ti。
Kidney removal is bloody and delicate procedure. Look at the artery where the organs attach. That’s a BIG artery. My guess is that main artery is about 1.5 to 2.5 inches in diameter.
腎臟切除是血腥且精細的手術(shù)?？纯雌鞴龠B接的動脈。那是一條大動脈。我猜主動脈的直徑大概是1.5到2.5英寸。
That's not true in all kidney transplants.
I have an immediate family member with kidney disease who had both kidneys fail one at a time, and they were both necessarily removed after they failed. She received a transplant from her mother, but it was later rejected, so obviously that one had to be removed too.
A friend who passed had to have one removed after it failed too. I don't remember exactly why.
For over ten years she hasn't had any kidneys at all. Dialysis three times per week, but four per weeks if tests show it's necessary.
Kidneys fail for numerous reasons, it's wrong to assume that transplants of them are a one-size-fits-all operation for everyone. It would be appropriate to say that doctors sometimes add a third kidney to the body, not as a general statement implying all kidney transplants. I don't know the stats on how frequent that is, but my (albeit quite limited study size) experience it that out of the two people I know who had kindey transplants, both had the bad organ(s) removed.
并不是所有的腎臟移植都是這樣。
我有一個直系親屬患有腎臟疾病，他的兩個腎臟衰竭了一個，如果都衰竭了它們都必須被切除。她接受了她母親的移植，但后來被排斥了，所以顯然剩下的那個必須切除。
我的一位朋友也因為移植失敗而不得不切除。我不記得具體原因了。
她已經(jīng)有十多年沒有腎臟了。她每周透析三次，如果檢查顯示有必要的話，每周透析四次。
腎臟衰竭的原因有很多，認為腎臟移植是適用于所有人的通用手術(shù)是錯誤的?？梢郧‘?dāng)?shù)卣f，醫(yī)生有時會給身體添加第三個腎臟，而不適用于所有的腎臟移植。我不知道這種情況發(fā)生的頻率有多高，但我的經(jīng)驗(盡管研究規(guī)模相當(dāng)有限)是，在我認識的兩名接受了善意移植的人中，都切除了不良器官。
Would having that extra kidney cause pain, since there’s more organs now in the abdomen?
Is eating a full meal harder after this procedure due to the fuller abdomen? I do know that kidneys aren’t super large, but still just curious.
多一個腎會引起疼痛嗎，因為現(xiàn)在腹部有更多的器官了?
在這個手術(shù)后因為腹部更滿，吃飽飯是不是更困難了?我知道腎臟不是超大的，但我還是很好奇。
No, and no- especially since the new kidneys are usually placed much lower, in the pelvic area. Not even anywhere near your stomach, and there is quite some space to put squishy organs in the body. You would not notice a thing.
不，也不——特別是因為新的腎臟通常放置在更低的盆腔區(qū)域。甚至連你的胃附近都沒有，而且身體里還有相當(dāng)大的空間可以放置黏糊糊的器官。你什么都不會注意到。
If I am an organ donor, and I have a rare blood type, and someone needs my organs urgently but can't find anywhere, won't I be at high risk to die under suspicious circumstances?
如果我是一個器官捐獻者，我有一個罕見的血型，有人急需我的器官，但無處可尋，我在這樣可疑的情況下不是有很高的死亡風(fēng)險嗎?
This is a really common joke/superstition. It isn’t grounded in reality though.
這是一個很常見的冷笑話/迷信。但它并不現(xiàn)實。
I don't know if these things happen in real life. But I saw a movie which was based on organ trafficking. The patients who come for normal check up or any illness are made to do several medical tests including blood tests.
They are followed by some Mafia and make an accident. As a passerby they rescue them and gets admitted to the hospital they have contacts in trading the organs. They either remove organs in the form saving their life or put them in ventilator support and take the permission of the family in proceeding with organ donation.
I have pledged my whole body itself. It's almost 8 years now. As I don't like visiting hospitals from childhood I don't know if these things are possible in real life or not.
我不知道這些事情在現(xiàn)實生活中是否會發(fā)生。但我看過一部關(guān)于器官買賣的電影。來做常規(guī)檢查或任何疾病的病人都要做包括血液檢查在內(nèi)的多項醫(yī)療檢查。
他們被一些黑手黨跟蹤，并制造了一場事故。作為一個路人，他們救了他們，并被送進了他們在器官交易中關(guān)聯(lián)的醫(yī)院。他們要么以挽救生命的形式切除器官，要么將其放入呼吸機中，然后征得家屬的同意進行器官捐贈。
我已經(jīng)把我的整個身體都抵押了。到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)快8年了。因為我從小就不喜歡去醫(yī)院，我不知道這些事情在現(xiàn)實生活中是否可能發(fā)生。
Not really.
If someone desperate enough to consider murder would urgently need your organs, they’d probably forge your donation consent too. Or just bribe some medical staff to still harvest your organs and replace them with something that they have lying around that is no use to anyone. I mean, you are dead by then, who is going to notice the heart or kidneys are not yours.
不是真的。
如果有人絕望到想要謀殺，急需你的器官，他們可能也會偽造你的捐獻同意書。或者賄賂一些醫(yī)務(wù)人員，讓他們繼續(xù)切除你的器官，然后把它們替換成他們到處都是，對任何人都沒用的東西。我是說，你那時已經(jīng)死了，誰會注意到心臟或腎臟不是你的。
Probably, but here’s a more realistic scenario that’s just as worrisome.
You’re an organ donor. You get into an a serious accident, are transported to the nearest hospital and placed on life support. Your chances of survival are about 50/50. Your doctor is aware of another patient who desperately needs one of your organs, and also considers himself/herself to be a Good Samaritan who knows what’s right and what’s wrong. So, your doctor, in all their virtue and wisdom, gets to convincing your next of kin that your chances of survival are not in fact fifty-fifty, but closer to one in a thousand.
也許吧，但還有一種更現(xiàn)實的情況同樣令人擔(dān)憂。
你是器官捐贈者。你遇到了嚴重的事故，被送往最近的醫(yī)院，接受生命維持系統(tǒng)的治療。你活下來的機會大概是一半對一半。你的醫(yī)生知道另一個病人迫切需要你的器官，他/她也認為自己是一個好心人，知道什么是對，什么是錯。所以，你的醫(yī)生，用他們所有的美德和智慧，說服你的近親你的存活幾率不是50%，而是接近千分之一。