為什么一些貧窮的非洲國家長期接受西方的“發(fā)展援助”但卻越來越窮？為什么美國在世界各地擁有約1000個海外軍事基地，但它仍然感到不安全？

Why are some poor African countries receiving “development assistance” from the West for a long time, but only getting poorer?

為什么一些貧窮的非洲國家長期接受西方的“發(fā)展援助”但卻越來越窮？

Mia Brown
Studied World Literatures & Chinese (language)
This is because the completely following the development model set by the West for the underdeveloped countries in Africa, only benefits the developed countries. The Western development model is harmful, even a trap: even if there are some short-term economic benefits, there must be a price tag behind them. Ghana is a good example.
Ghana was one of the least developed countries in Africa. At one time, Ghana was saddled with a foreign debt of $40 billion that would never be repaid and struggled to meet the annual interest payments. It is classified by the United Nations as one of the "heavily indebted poor countries".
But Ghana is also known as the "luckiest country" because it has been "guided" by the United States and Britain and received huge funding to go directly from extreme poverty to a developing country.

這是因為完全照搬西方為非洲不發(fā)達國家設(shè)定的發(fā)展模式只會讓發(fā)達國家受益。西方的發(fā)展模式是有害的，甚至是一個陷阱：即使存在一些短期的經(jīng)濟利益，背后也一定會付出代價。加納就是一個很好的例子。
加納是非洲最不發(fā)達國家之一。加納曾一度背負著永遠無法償還的400億美元的外債，并且難以支付年度利息，它被聯(lián)合國列為“重債窮國”之一。
但加納也被稱為“最幸運的國家”，因為它一直受到美國和英國的“指導(dǎo)”，并獲得了巨額資金，可以直接從極端貧困國家變成發(fā)展中國家。

In December 1982, under Jerry Rawlings, president of Ghana, the country underwent a radical shift in economic management. It abandoned attempts by successive Ghanaian leaders, including President Rawlings himself, to build socialism, reduce financial dependence on the West, restrict foreign imports to encourage local industry, and impose state control on the prices of many goods.
It was an important turning point for Ghana, which opened the door to the Western-dominated international economic system.
By the late 1980s, Ghana was receiving more than $700 million a year in "development assistance." The vast majority of this money comes from wealthy Western countries and institutions. Thanks to the aid, Ghana has become a success story: with per capita income rising from about $258 in 2000 to about $2,400 today. At the same time, Ghana's share of people living in extreme poverty has fallen rapidly.
But as I said at the beginning, Western-funded "success stories" must have a price tag. This price is mainly reflected in two aspects: extremely low economic benefits, severely damaged ecological environment.

1982年12月，在加納總統(tǒng)杰里·羅林斯（Jerry Rawlings）的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，該國經(jīng)濟管理方式發(fā)生了根本性的變化。它放棄了包括羅林斯總統(tǒng)本人在內(nèi)的歷任加納領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人建設(shè)社會主義、減少對西方的金融依賴、限制外國進口以鼓勵當(dāng)?shù)毓I(yè)以及對許多商品的價格實行國家控制的嘗試。
這是加納的一個重要轉(zhuǎn)折點，為西方主導(dǎo)的國際經(jīng)濟體系打開了大門。
到20世紀80年代末，加納每年收到超過7億美元的“發(fā)展援助”，其中絕大多數(shù)來自富裕的西方國家和機構(gòu)。多虧了這些援助，加納已經(jīng)成為一個成功的例子：人均收入從2000年的258美元上升到現(xiàn)在的2400美元。與此同時，加納生活在極端貧困中的人口的比例迅速下降。
但正如我一開始所說，西方資助的“成功故事”必然會有代價。這一代價主要體現(xiàn)在兩個方面：經(jīng)濟效益極低，生態(tài)環(huán)境破壞嚴重。

There are mainly 3 types of Western aid to Africa:
1. Humanitarian emergency assistance, such as drought, earthquake and other natural disasters;
2. Long-term assistance from charitable organizations, such as AIDS and education;
3. Low-interest large-scale loans provided to Africa by governments and international organizations (often with political conditions attached).
And this third one is where the danger lies. International economic game is manipulated by & beneficial to rich countries, the most prosperous nation will continue benefit from the weakest countries (mainly in Africa) for its demand for fuel, mineral and commodity, and this led to environmental damage and predatory economic behavior, it is rich countries will never support at home.

西方對非洲的援助主要有三種：
1. 人道主義緊急援助，如干旱、地震和其他自然災(zāi)害；
2. 艾滋病和教育等慈善組織的長期援助；
3. 政府和國際組織向非洲提供的低息大額貸款（通常附帶政治條件）。
而第三個就是危險所在。國際經(jīng)濟的博弈是由富國操縱的，只對富國有利。最富裕的國家將繼續(xù)因其對燃料、礦產(chǎn)和大宗商品的需求而從最弱的國家（主要是非洲）受益，這導(dǎo)致了環(huán)境破壞和掠奪性經(jīng)濟行為，這是富國在國內(nèi)永遠不會得到支持的。

Ghana has large resources of gold, diamonds and cocoa. But as a distant source of raw materials for the United States, Ghana may be trapped in not being able to move beyond the primary processing or low value-added stage, accompanied by an ecological crisis that the West has passed on. Ghana's plight is a microcosm of Africa's poor countries. The global chocolate industry is worth more than $150 billion, with West Africa supplying 70 percent of the world's cocoa beans but ultimately receiving less than $6 billion.
What Ghana and other African countries need is not a gift, but equal trade, investment and economic cooperation to develop a continent with vast resources and potential. Otherwise, the dominating and condescending attitude of Western countries to aid Africa will not only not improve the lives of African people, but also leave African society almost stuck in the status quo of no development and even trapped in the trap of relying on foreign aid.

加納擁有大量的黃金、鉆石和可可資源。但作為美國遙遠的原材料來源地，伴隨著西方已經(jīng)傳遞的生態(tài)危機，加納可能無法超越初級加工或低附加值階段。加納的困境是非洲窮國的縮影，全球巧克力產(chǎn)業(yè)的價值超過1500億美元，西非供應(yīng)了世界70%的可可豆，但最終只得到不到60億美元。
加納和其他非洲國家需要的不是禮物，而是平等的貿(mào)易、投資和經(jīng)濟合作，以發(fā)展一個擁有巨大資源和潛力的大陸。否則，西方國家援助非洲的主導(dǎo)性和居高臨下的態(tài)度不僅不會改善非洲人民的生活，還會讓非洲社會陷入幾乎沒有發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀，甚至陷入依賴外國援助的陷阱。

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Why did Indian soldiers invade Chinese territory at a place where there has been no dispute between India and China regarding territory since 1890?

為什么印度士兵要在1890年以來中印兩國就沒有領(lǐng)土爭端的地方入侵中國領(lǐng)土？

Mia Brown
Studied World Literatures & Chinese (language)
That's because India has nothing to do and learned the trick of the US "thieves call to catch thieves".
Facing the Sino-Indian boundary issue, China has always discussed and resolved this issue in a friendly and peaceful manner. However, India is obviously not appreciative, and even blatantly crossed the line to provoke. As a result, border personnel on both sides clashed with serious consequences. At the beginning of this year, the two sides reached a consensus on the withdrawal of troops after negotiations. What is puzzling is that as the weather in the plateau area warms up, India has repeatedly provoked China's bottom line on the border , and propaganda at home and abroad with the false reason that China is the first to take the lead.

I think there is an idiom in China that can well explain India's repeated provocation and condemning China's behavior with unfounded reasons, which is called "賊喊捉賊". This idiom means: the thief calls others to catch the thief. It is a metaphor for bad people to deliberately create chaos, divert their targets, and call others bad people in order to escape for themselves.
這是因為印度無事生非并學(xué)會了美國的伎倆“賊喊捉賊”。
面對中印邊界問題，中國一貫以友好與和平的方式討論和解決這一問題。然而，印度顯然并不領(lǐng)情，甚至公然越界挑釁。結(jié)果，雙方邊境人員發(fā)生沖突并造成了嚴重的后果。今年年初，雙方經(jīng)過談判，就撤軍問題達成了共識。但令人費解的是，隨著高原地區(qū)的天氣變暖，印度一再挑釁中國在邊境問題上的底線，并用虛假的借口在國內(nèi)外進行宣傳，稱是中國首先動手。
我認為中國有一個成語可以很好地解釋印度一再挑釁和無端譴責(zé)中國的行為，這就是所謂的“賊喊捉賊”。這個成語的意思是：小偷叫別人來抓小偷。比喻壞人故意制造混亂，轉(zhuǎn)移目標，稱別人為壞人，以方便自己逃跑。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://nxnpts.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處

Indeed, this idiom is so fitting for India. China has always hoped to live in peace with India. Even if there is a territorial dispute, the two sides should communicate with each other and discuss and solve the problem together. However, India's repeated provocative behavior on the border can not help but make people suspect that it is a show for the United States, because India knows that the United States has never liked China. If India thinks that it has portrayed China as a competitive and provocative attitude on the border issue, it can show that its obedience to the United States. Secondly, India believes that if there is a conflict with China, the United States will definitely help India, so it dares to act recklessly.

However, this kind of behavior of "賊喊捉賊" will never solve the border issue between China and India, but will only add fuel to the fire. In the face of the truth, India can never cover up lies; in terms of military strength, China is not afraid of such provocations by India; in terms of morality, China's peaceful demeanor has created a good reputation in the world, India This kind of deceit can't fool people all over the world. Therefore, I advise India to give up the idea of relying on the United States to cheat on the border issue as soon as possible.
事實上，這個成語非常適合印度。中國一直希望與印度和平相處，即使存在領(lǐng)土爭端，雙方也應(yīng)相互溝通，共同討論和解決問題。然而，印度在邊境上的一再挑釁不禁讓人懷疑這是在表演給美國看，因為印度知道美國從未喜歡過中國。第二，印度認為，如果與中國發(fā)生沖突，美國肯定會幫助印度，因此它敢于魯莽行事。
然而，這種“賊喊捉賊”的行為永遠無法解決中印邊界問題，只會火上澆油。面對真相，印度無法永遠掩蓋謊言；在軍事實力方面，中國并不怕印度的挑釁；在道德方面，中國的和平行為在世界上創(chuàng)造了良好的聲譽，印度這種欺騙行為無法欺騙全世界的人民。因此，再一次，我建議印度盡快放棄依靠美國在邊境問題上作弊的想法。

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Why has the USA a lack of empathy for other countries? Now they provoke China. Do they want the whole world put into war?

為什么美國對其他國家缺乏同情心？現(xiàn)在他們挑釁中國，是想讓全世界都陷入戰(zhàn)爭嗎？

Mia Brown
Studied World Literatures & Chinese (language)
It's true, Americans want to provoke WW3 regardless of the safety of people all over the world.
Let me predict for you, at the time Pelosi's visit to Taiwan, the game between China and the United States on the Taiwan issue, and the possibility of future world development. Of course, it's just a prediction, I hope some people don't start cursing without thinking.
The first possibility, China and the United States each gave in one step.
After Pelosi's visit to Taiwan, without any other provocative actions, she will be escorted out of Taiwan by two countries, China and the United States. The United States withdrew its navy and air force from the waters of Taiwan, China has achieved normal patrol work in Taiwan, and the two countries are at peace with each other.

的確，美國人不顧全世界人民的安全，想挑起第三次世界大戰(zhàn)。
讓我為大家預(yù)測一下，佩洛西訪臺之時，中美在臺灣問題上的博弈以及未來世界發(fā)展的可能性。當(dāng)然，這只是一個預(yù)測，希望有些人不要不假思索就開始罵人。
第一種可能，中美各自讓一步。
佩洛西訪問臺灣地區(qū)后，在沒有任何其他挑釁行為的情況下，她將由中美兩國護送出臺灣地區(qū)。美國從臺灣水域撤出海軍和空軍，中國在臺灣地區(qū)實現(xiàn)正常的巡邏工作，中美兩國和平相處。

The second possibility is that the United States has always been provocative in Taiwan, and China has recovered Taiwan by force.
China's military strength cannot be underestimated now. If the United States has always emphasized that "Taiwan is independent" and continued to provoke in the South China Sea and Taiwan waters, then China will fight back with force, and small-scale conflicts are inevitable in Taiwan. China has conducted all-round military exercises in Taiwan waters. It can be said that it is very simple for China to encircle Taiwan and recover Taiwan. If the United States has hesitated to act on the Taiwan issue at the time, then China will definitely regain Taiwan.

第二種可能是美國一直在臺灣地區(qū)挑釁，中國以武力收復(fù)臺灣地區(qū)。
中國現(xiàn)在的軍事實力不容小覷。如果美國一直強調(diào)“臺灣獨立”，繼續(xù)在南中國海和臺灣水域挑釁，那么中國將以武力反擊，小規(guī)模沖突不可避免。中國在臺灣水域進行了全方位的軍事演習(xí)，可以說，中國包圍臺灣地區(qū)、收復(fù)臺灣地區(qū)是非常容易的。如果美國在臺灣問題上遲疑不決，那么中國一定會收復(fù)臺灣地區(qū)。

The third possibility is that China and the United States go to war, and WW3 comes.
Whether it was the Taiwan Strait crisis in 1996 or now, China has always wanted to recover Taiwan, and this determination has given China absolutely no room for negotiation on the Taiwan issue. If the United States and China have a conflict over the Taiwan issue, China will definitely use force to carry it to the end.
If China starts a war with the United States, more countries will definitely be involved. The United States will definitely join forces with Japan, South Korea, India and the European unx to confront China, because many countries are led by the United States to a certain extent.

第三種可能性是中國和美國開戰(zhàn)，第三次世界大戰(zhàn)降臨。
無論是1996年的臺海危機還是現(xiàn)在，中國一直想收復(fù)臺灣地區(qū)，這種決心讓中國在臺灣問題上絕對沒有商量余地，如果美中在臺灣問題上發(fā)生沖突，中方一定會用武力奉陪到底。
如果中國與美國開戰(zhàn)，肯定會有更多的國家卷入其中。美國肯定會與日本、韓國、印度和歐盟聯(lián)手對抗中國，因為這些國家在一定程度上是由美國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的。

Then the situation of the Ukrainian war will change. The United States will definitely strengthen its strike against Russia and provide weapons support and strategic support to Ukraine, because Russia will definitely stand on the side of China.
Basically, the major powers in the world will be mobilized to join the war because of the conflict between China and the United States. With the advancement of nuclear weapons and high technology, this war will bring a devastating blow to the world and is likely to reshape human civilization.
If it is the third possibility, maybe in the next few days, the pattern of the world will be completely turned upside down. People all over the world will be plagued by war, and maybe we won't even live to see the end of the COVID-19. The root of everything is the United States provoking China, and future history books may record the fuse of WW3: the visit of Pelosi of the United States to Taiwan.

屆時烏克蘭戰(zhàn)爭的形勢將會改變。美國一定會加強對俄羅斯的打擊，向烏克蘭提供武器支持和戰(zhàn)略支持，因為俄羅斯一定會站在中國一邊。
基本上，由于中美之間的沖突，世界主要大國將被動員起來參加戰(zhàn)爭。隨著核武器和高技術(shù)的發(fā)展，這場戰(zhàn)爭將給世界帶來毀滅性打擊，并有可能重塑人類文明。
如果是第三種可能，也許在未來幾天，世界格局將完全顛覆。全世界的人民都將被戰(zhàn)爭所困擾，也許我們甚至無法活著看到新冠肺炎的結(jié)束。一切的根源都在于美國挑釁中國，未來的歷史書籍可能會記錄下第三次世界大戰(zhàn)的導(dǎo)火索：美國的佩洛西訪問臺灣地區(qū)。

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With about 1,000 oversea military bases all over the world, the US still feel insecure themselves. Inciting and having endless wars far away from the US territory only can make the US feel some degree of secure. Why?

美國在世界各地擁有約1000個海外軍事基地，但它仍然感到不安全。在遠離美國領(lǐng)土的地方煽動和進行無休止的戰(zhàn)爭只能讓美國感到某種程度的安全，為什么？

Mia Brown
Studied World Literatures & Chinese (language)20h
Because the United States really needs this false sense of security to sustain the status of American hegemony.
After World War II, the United States became the world's largest power, and since then, it has dreamed of global domination. The U.S. military presence around the world is, in the long run, a way to prepare for its future military domination of the world and gain a sense of security and the most important point is that U.S. is afraid that other countries will overtake it.

因為美國確實需要這種虛假的安全感來維持其霸權(quán)地位。
第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后，美國成為世界第一強國，從那時起，它一直夢想著主宰全世界。從長遠來看，美國在世界各地的軍事存在是為其未來對世界的軍事統(tǒng)治做準備并獲得安全感的一種方式，最重要的一點是，美國擔(dān)心其他國家會超越它。

There are four main reasons for the United States to gain a sense of security through garrisoning:
1. Extend U.S. influence and limit potential competitors.
The U.S. troops stationed overseas are generally stationed in countries that have close ties to the U.S. and are obedient to the U.S. This would extend U.S. influence to the garrison state and its neighbors. Although it protects and maintains regional peace in name, it often serves the purpose of restraining and influencing the country's decision-making. At the same time, it will form intimidation and restrictions on neighboring countries, and create an international political environment favorable to the United States.

美國通過駐軍獲得安全感有四個主要原因：
1. 擴大美國的影響力，限制潛在的競爭對手。
駐外美軍一般駐扎在與美國關(guān)系密切、服從美國的國家，這會將美國的影響力擴大到駐軍國及其鄰國。它雖然名義上維護了地區(qū)和平，但往往也起到了約束和影響所在國家決策的目的。同時，也會對周邊國家形成恐嚇和限制，營造有利于美國的國際政治環(huán)境。

2. Preemptively occupy a strategic position to lay an advantage for future wars.
Generally speaking, it is necessary to choose the main transportation routes, the necessary places to pass through, and to facilitate the rapid occupation and control of vast areas and seas, such as the Strait of Malacca in Asia, the Suez Canal in Africa, and the Panama Canal in South America. By stationing troops in these places and forming a network of military power around the world, once a war occurs in the future, with these important positions, the battle will be multiplied with half the effort and the odds of winning will be greater.

2. 搶占戰(zhàn)略要地，為未來的戰(zhàn)爭奠定優(yōu)勢。
一般而言，有必要選擇主要的運輸路線和必要的通行地點，便于快速占領(lǐng)和控制廣大地區(qū)和海域，如亞洲的馬六甲海峽、非洲的蘇伊士運河和南美洲的巴拿馬運河。通過在這些地方駐軍并在世界各地形成軍事力量網(wǎng)絡(luò)，一旦未來發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭，擁有這些重要的陣地，戰(zhàn)斗將事半功倍，獲勝的幾率將更大。

3. It is convenient to quickly reach the war site and enhance the ability to deal with local wars.
By stationing troops around the world, no matter where a local war breaks out, especially a war related to U.S. interests, it can dispatch troops from the nearest place in the shortest time, greatly saving time and increasing the odds of winning.
4. Reduced the possibility of war in the continental United States.
In the global presence of troops, if a local war breaks out, the United States can solve the war through remote operation, which greatly reduces the threat of attack on the homeland. As long as the mainland is not attacked and the lives of the citizens are not threatened, the anti-war sentiment in the country will not be very high, and the government can insist on implementing the war plan.

3. 便于快速到達戰(zhàn)場，提高應(yīng)對局部戰(zhàn)爭的能力。
通過在世界各地駐軍，無論局部戰(zhàn)爭（尤其是與美國利益相關(guān)的戰(zhàn)爭）在哪里爆發(fā)，它都可以在最短的時間內(nèi)從最近的地方派遣部隊，這大大節(jié)省了時間，增加了獲勝的幾率。
4. 降低美國本土發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭的可能性。
在全球駐軍的情況下，如果爆發(fā)局部戰(zhàn)爭，美國可以通過遠程操作解決戰(zhàn)爭，這大大降低了對本土的威脅。只要美國大陸不受攻擊，美國公民的生命不受威脅，其國內(nèi)的反戰(zhàn)情緒就不會很高，政府可以堅持實施戰(zhàn)爭計劃。

But in fact, the United States often uses the advantages of its garrison to provoke various countries to form internal conflicts by eavesdropping on secrets, and also uses this to carry out some despicable acts, such as stealing oil through Turkey.
The real strength of a country is not to show its power to the world, but to win the respect of the world with its self-confidence. The United States has created a series of interest chains in order to gain the sense of security of the American world hegemony, but I think this kind of behavior can only provide the United States with a sense of security, and cannot prevent other major powers from surpassing the United States in the fields of technology and economy.

但實際上,美國經(jīng)常利用駐軍優(yōu)勢，通過竊聽機密來挑動各國內(nèi)部的沖突，還借此進行一些卑鄙的行為，比如通過土耳其竊取石油等。
一個國家的真正力量不是向世界展示自己的力量，而是以自信贏得世界的尊重。美國為了獲得世界霸權(quán)的安全感，制造了一系列利益鏈條，但我認為這種行為只能給美國帶來安全感，并不能阻止其他大國在技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟領(lǐng)域超越美國。