The first full-scale, self-propelled car was built by Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot in 1769: it was a steam-powered tricycle. A variety of steam cars were then built during the first half of the 19th century.

1769年，尼古拉·約瑟夫·居紐制造了第一輛全尺寸的自動推進(jìn)汽車:這是一輛蒸汽動力三輪車。19世紀(jì)上半葉，制造了各種各樣的蒸汽汽車。

In 1886, a German engineer invented the first practical automobile, which is designed to be propelled by an internal combustion engine. Due to several improvements and advancements over the next decades, cars became widely available in the early 20th century.

1886年，一位德國工程師發(fā)明了第一輛實(shí)用的汽車，它被設(shè)計成由內(nèi)燃機(jī)驅(qū)動。由于接下來幾十年的幾項(xiàng)改進(jìn)和進(jìn)步，汽車在20世紀(jì)初變得廣泛可用。

Today, there are about 1 billion cars in use worldwide, and the number is increasing substantially, especially in newly industrialized countries like India and China.

今天，全世界大約有10億輛汽車在使用，而且這個數(shù)字還在大幅增加，尤其是在像印度和中國這樣的新興工業(yè)化國家。

All cars available in the market can be classified on different parameters. For example, according to the energy sources, cars can be classified as diesel, petrol, electric, and hybrid ones.

市場上所有的汽車都可以根據(jù)不同的參數(shù)進(jìn)行分類。例如，根據(jù)能源，汽車可以分為柴油，汽油，電動和混合動力汽車。

In fact, private organizations and governments have created car classification schemes, which are used for a variety of purposes, ranging from descxtion and regulation to categorization of vehicles.

事實(shí)上，私營組織和政府已經(jīng)制定了汽車分類計劃，用于各種目的，從車輛的描述和管理到分類。

Below, we have categorized cars according to their designs. Each design has its own pros and cons, and it’s up to people which one suits them better and how they want to use it.

下面，我們根據(jù)汽車的設(shè)計對它們進(jìn)行了分類。每種設(shè)計都有自己的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)，這取決于人們哪種設(shè)計更適合他們，以及他們想如何使用它。

Since there are different categorizations in Europe, North America, Australia, and other parts of the world, we have listed the most popular car types as per their shapes and purposes.

由于歐洲、北美、澳大利亞和世界其他地區(qū)有不同的分類，我們根據(jù)車型和用途列出了最受歡迎的車型。

1. Hatchback

1.掀背車


Example: Holden Astra, Kia Picanto
Plus point: A utilitarian small car with impressive fuel efficiency

加分點(diǎn)：一款實(shí)用的小型車，燃油效率令人印象深刻。

A hatchback car features a hatch-type rear door that opens upwards and is hinged at the roof level, providing convenient access to cargo space.

掀背車的特點(diǎn)是一個艙口式后門，向上打開，鉸接在車頂水平，提供方便的貨物空間。
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The modern form of the hatchback body style became popular in the 1970s. Although this type of body style refers to a small car, hatchback doors are also used in SUVs, sports cars, and mid-size luxury cars.

現(xiàn)代形式的掀背車身風(fēng)格在20世紀(jì)70年代變得流行起來。雖然這種類型的車身風(fēng)格指的是小型車，但掀背車門也用于SUV、跑車和中型豪華車。

They are extremely popular in cities where the parking space is limited, and fuel prices are very high.

在停車空間有限、燃料價格非常高的城市，它們非常受歡迎。
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2. Sedan (Saloon)

2.轎車(轎車)


Example: Honda Accord, BMW 5 Series
Plus point: Elegant and comfortable

加分點(diǎn):優(yōu)雅舒適

Sedan is the most popular type of cars worldwide. It has a three-box configuration with a separate engine compartment, passenger seating, and cargo trunk.

轎車是世界上最受歡迎的汽車類型。它有一個單獨(dú)的發(fā)動機(jī)艙、乘客座位和貨艙的三箱配置。

Typically a sedan features two rows of seats and a B-pillar that supports the roof. They may differ in class and size, which leads to further categorization, such as full size, mid-size, sports, and luxury sedans.

典型的轎車有兩排座位和支撐車頂?shù)腂柱。它們可能在級別和大小上有所不同，這導(dǎo)致了進(jìn)一步的分類，例如全尺寸、中型、運(yùn)動型和豪華轎車。

This type of car was first used in 1912. During the 20th century, close-coupled sedans and coach sedans were very popular in the United States.

這種類型的汽車于1912年首次使用。在20世紀(jì)，緊湊型轎車和經(jīng)濟(jì)型轎車在美國非常流行。

3. Limousine

3.豪華轎車


Example: Cadillac One, Hongqi L5
Plus point: Custom build, have a private passenger compartment

加分點(diǎn):定制建造，有一個私人乘客車廂

The word ‘limousine’ comes from the French region ‘Limousin.’ It’s an ultra-luxury car designed to fulfill owners’ sumptuousness needs.

“l(fā)imousine”這個詞來自法國地區(qū)“利穆贊”這是一款超豪華汽車，旨在滿足車主的奢華需求。

The limousine body features a partition that separates the driver from the rear passengers. In German-speaking countries, these cars are also called sedans, while a greatly lengthened wheelbase is known as Stretch-Limousine.

豪華轎車的車身有一個隔板，把司機(jī)和后排乘客隔開。在德語國家，這些車也被稱為轎車，而軸距大大加長的車被稱為加長豪華轎車。

As the name suggests, stretch-limousines are longer than normal limousines with extra seating along the sides of the cabin. They are mostly used for parties, weddings, and other social events.

顧名思義，加長豪華轎車比普通豪華轎車更長，機(jī)艙兩側(cè)有額外的座位。它們主要用于聚會、婚禮和其他社交活動。
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4. Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV)

4.運(yùn)動型多功能車


Example: Chevrolet Tahoe, Toyota Highlander
Plus point: Raised ground clearance, better off-road abilities

加分點(diǎn): 提高離地間隙，更好的越野能力

There is no standard definition of SUVs, and their usage varies between countries. Many definitions consider any vehicle with off-road design features to be an SUV, while some claim that an SUV should be developed on a light-truck chassis.

SUV沒有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的定義，它們的用法因國家而異。許多定義認(rèn)為任何具有越野設(shè)計特征的車輛都是SUV，而一些定義則聲稱SUV應(yīng)該在輕型卡車底盤上開發(fā)的才算。

Generally, an SUV combines elements of off-road vehicles and road-going passenger cars. It features four-wheel drive, increased ground clearance, large wheels, and aggressive exterior design.

一般來說，SUV結(jié)合了越野車和公路車的元素。它采用四輪驅(qū)動，增加離地間隙，大型車輪和積極的外部設(shè)計。

Based on the size, they can be further categorized into mini, compact, mid-size, full-size, and extended-length SUVs. As of 2019, SUVs are the world’s largest automotive segment, accounting for more than 36% of the world’s passenger car market.

根據(jù)尺寸，它們可以進(jìn)一步分為迷你，緊湊型，中型，全尺寸和加長SUV。截至2019年，SUV是全球最大的汽車細(xì)分市場，占全球乘用車市場的36%以上。

5. Crossover

交叉車型


Example: Audi Q5, Nissan Rogue,
Plus point: Better comfort and fuel economy than SUVs

加分點(diǎn)：比SUV更舒適、更省油。
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Crossover and SUV are often confused as both types of cars have a lot in common. Crossovers are built with unibody construction and are often based on platforms shared with passenger cars.

交叉車型和SUV經(jīng)常被混淆，因?yàn)檫@兩種車有很多共同點(diǎn)。交叉車型采用一體式結(jié)構(gòu)，通?；谂c乘用車共享的平臺。

Compared to SUVs, crossovers have a more compliant ride, better fuel economy, and superior interior comfort. However, they have less off-road capabilities than pickup truck-based SUVs.

與SUV相比，交叉車型擁有更舒適的乘坐體驗(yàn)、更好的燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性和卓越的內(nèi)部舒適性。然而，與基于皮卡的SUV相比，它們的越野能力較差。

As of 2006, crossover models dominated more than half of the overall SUV market in the United States. Since the early 2010s, they have also become increasingly popular in Europe. By 2018, European sales of mid-sized and compact crossover models continued to surge.

截至2006年，交叉車型占據(jù)了美國整個SUV市場的一半以上。自21世紀(jì)初以來，它們在歐洲也變得越來越受歡迎。到2018年，中型和緊湊型跨界車型的歐洲銷量繼續(xù)激增。

6. Wagon

6.旅行車


Example: Ford Mondeo, Mazda 6
Plus point: More headspace, a large cargo area

加分點(diǎn): 更多的頂部空間，一個大的貨物區(qū)域

A wagon car is similar to a hatchback car but with a longer body (to provide the same cabin space as sedans) and an extended roofline (to maximize the cargo space).

旅行車類似于掀背車，但車身較長(提供與轎車相同的客艙空間)和加長的車頂(最大限度地增加貨物空間)。
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Unlike hatchback, they have steeper rake at the rear, D-pillar, the third row of seats, and rear suspension built for increased load capacity.

與掀背車不同，它們在后部、D柱、第三排座椅和后懸架有更陡的傾角，以增加負(fù)載能力。

Wagon cars were well sold between the 1950s and 1907s; however, their popularity gradually declined with the introduction of SUVs and minivans. The vehicle has evolved over the years, and it continues to influence the automotive industry.

旅行車在20世紀(jì)50年代至1907年代期間很暢銷；然而，隨著SUV和小型貨車的推出，它們的受歡迎程度逐漸下降。多年來，汽車不斷發(fā)展，并繼續(xù)影響著汽車行業(yè)。

7. Pickup Truck

7.皮卡


Example: Foton Tunland, GMC Canyon
Plus point: Impressive off-road performance and towing capabilities

加分點(diǎn):令人印象深刻的越野性能和牽引能力

Pickup trucks are light-duty trucks with an open cargo area and an enclosed cab. A regular pickup consists of a single door set and single seat row, while extended pickups add another row of small seats behind the main seat.

皮卡是一種輕型卡車，有一個開放的貨運(yùn)區(qū)和一個封閉的駕駛室。普通皮卡由單門和單座組成，而加長皮卡則在主座后面增加了另一排小座位。

They are generally used for passenger transport and equipped with the all-wheel-drive system. Integrating the vehicle with a camper shell can provide a small living space for camping, while slide-in truck campers can be used as a motorhome.

它們通常用于客運(yùn)，配備全輪驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)。將車輛與露營車外殼整合在一起可以為露營提供一個小的生活空間，而滑入式卡車露營車可以用作房車。

They are mostly used as a passenger car in North America and accounts for nearly 18% of the total vehicles purchased in the US. Full-sized pickups are a major source of revenue for Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, Ford, and General Motors.

在北美，它們大多被用作乘用車，占美國汽車總購買量的近18%。全尺寸皮卡是菲亞特克萊斯勒汽車、福特和通用汽車的主要收入來源。
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8. Minivan

8.小型貨車


Example: Honda Odyssey, Toyota Sienna
Plus point: Spacious, comfortably transports passengers

加分點(diǎn)：寬敞、舒適地運(yùn)送乘客。

All minivans — also called multi-purpose vehicles in Europe — are primarily designed to transport people in the rear seating rows, which can be reconfigured in two or three rows.

所有的小型貨車-在歐洲也被稱為多用途車-主要是為了運(yùn)送后排座位的人，這些座位可以重新配置成兩到三排。

It comes with a ‘two-box’ or ‘one-box’ body configuration, a high H-point seating, a sliding door for rear passengers, and a higher roof.

它配備了“兩箱”或“一箱”車身配置，高H點(diǎn)座椅，后排乘客的滑動門，以及更高的車頂。

Today, minivans are available with a wide range of tech options, stylish interiors, impressive handling, and performance. As of 2018, the three highest selling minivans in Europe were SEAT Alhambra, Ford S-Max, and Volkswagen Sharan.

如今，小型貨車擁有廣泛的技術(shù)選擇、時尚的內(nèi)飾、令人印象深刻的操控和性能。截至2018年，歐洲銷量最高的三款小型貨車是Seat Alhambra、福特S-Max和大眾Sharan。

9. Microcar

9. 迷你車


Example: REVAi, Smart K
Plus point: Cause less-traffic congestion, economical

加分點(diǎn)：減少交通擁堵，經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠。

The term ‘microcar’ is often used for the smallest size of cars with engines smaller than 700 CC. Although most of them are powered by diesel or petrol, electric microcars have become more popular in the last decade.

迷你車一詞通常用來指發(fā)動機(jī)小于700cc的最小尺寸的汽車。盡管大多數(shù)電動微型汽車是由柴油或汽油驅(qū)動的，但電動微型汽車在過去十年里變得更加流行。

They have 3 or 4 wheels. Specific types of microcars (also called Kei cars in Japan) include voiturettes, quadricycles, bubble cars, and cyclecars.

他們有3或4個輪子。特定類型的微型汽車(在日本也稱為Kei汽車)包括小型車、四輪車、泡泡車和自行車。

Many European countries classify microcars separately from other conventional cars, using the same regulations as mopeds or motorcycles. Thus, this type of car often has relaxed criteria for licensing and registration. Also, they are subject to lower insurance costs and taxes.

許多歐洲國家將微型汽車與其他傳統(tǒng)汽車分開分類，使用與輕便摩托車或摩托車相同的法規(guī)。因此，這種類型的汽車通常放寬了許可和注冊標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。此外，他們受到較低的保險費(fèi)用和稅收。

10. Coupe

轎跑車
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Example: BMW M2, Audi R8
Plus point: Sportier look, better acceleration and braking performance

加分點(diǎn): 運(yùn)動外觀，更好的加速和制動性能

A coupe is a two-door body type with a sloping rear roofline, typically based on the full-size sedan. However, many automobile companies have been marketing four-door cars as coupes for almost two decades.

轎跑車是一種雙門車身類型，后車頂傾斜，通常基于全尺寸轎車。然而，近20年來，許多汽車公司一直將四門汽車作為雙門轎車進(jìn)行營銷。

The body type of a coupe features a two- or four-seat cabin with limited space in the back row. It includes top of the range trim level and engines. Nowadays, most sports and muscle cars come with a coupe body, including Lamborghini Aventador, Bugatti Veyron, and Ford Mustang.

轎跑車的車身類型采用雙座或四座座艙，后排空間有限。它包括頂級的修整水平和引擎。如今，大多數(shù)跑車和肌肉車都配有轎跑車身，包括蘭博基尼系列的埃文塔多、布加迪威龍和福特野馬。

They are well known for their high-performance, luxury features, and stylish looks. But since this type of car is reserved for the luxury market, affordable car manufacturers do not offer that many coupe models.

它們以高性能、豪華功能和時尚外觀而聞名。但由于這種類型的汽車是為豪華市場保留的，平價汽車制造商不會提供那么多轎跑車型。

10. Muscle Car

肌肉車
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Example: Dodge Challenger, Ford Mustang GT
Plus point: High-performance at an affordable price

加分點(diǎn):高性能，價格合理

The term ‘muscle car’ originated for the 1960s and 70s special editions of mass-production cars that were specially designed for drag racing. It’s an American term for high-performance cars.

“肌肉車”一詞起源于20世紀(jì)60年代和70年代專為飆車設(shè)計的量產(chǎn)車特別版。這是美國人對高性能汽車的稱呼。

Usually, a muscle car features rear-wheel drive, a large V8 engine with a powerful configuration, and a lightweight two-door body. This type of car is quite less expensive than sports and personal luxury cars.

通常，肌肉車采用后輪驅(qū)動，配置強(qiáng)勁的大型V8發(fā)動機(jī)，以及輕型雙門車身。這種車比跑車和私人豪華車便宜得多。

In other words, they are an extension of the hot rodding concept, in which a large-displacement engine is fitted in a small car in order to boost straight-line speed.

換句話說，它們是在小型汽車上安裝大排量發(fā)動機(jī)以提高直線速度的熱桿概念的延伸。

11. Convertible (Cabriolet)

敞篷車
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Example: Chevrolet Camaro, Porsche 911
Plus point: Breathtakingly stylish, allows an open-air driving experience

加分點(diǎn)：令人嘆為觀止的時尚，提供露天駕駛體驗(yàn)

Convertibles give you an option to drive without a roof in place. The retracting and storing mechanism of the roof depends on the car model. The most common type of retractable roofs are detachable hardtop and folding textile roof.

敞篷車讓你可以選擇在沒有車頂?shù)那闆r下駕駛。車頂?shù)目s放和儲藏機(jī)構(gòu)取決于車型。最常見的可伸縮屋頂是可拆卸的硬頂和折疊式紡織車頂。

Modern convertibles come with a sporting appearance and all necessary safety features such as rollover protection structures, safety cage construction, door-mounted side-impact airbag, and heated rear window for better visibility.

現(xiàn)代敞篷車具有運(yùn)動外觀和所有必要的安全功能，如翻車保護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)、安全籠結(jié)構(gòu)、車門安裝的側(cè)面碰撞安全氣囊和加熱后窗，以提高能見度。
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The potential drawbacks of these cars are reduced structural rigidity and cargo space. They are also not preferred in cities with high air pollution and traffic congestion.

這些汽車的潛在缺點(diǎn)是降低了結(jié)構(gòu)剛性和貨物空間。在空氣污染和交通擁堵嚴(yán)重的城市，它們也不是首選。

12. Hot Rod

改裝老爺車


Example: Rover 10, Ford Popular
Hot rods are classic American cars with heavy engines tuned for faster speed. Although the origin of the car’s name is not clear, some claim that ‘hot’ refers to ‘hotting up’ the car for higher performance, and ‘rod’ relates to the camshaft that was often upgraded to increase power output.

改裝老爺車是美國的經(jīng)典汽車，重型發(fā)動機(jī)經(jīng)過調(diào)整，速度更快。雖然汽車名稱的來源尚不清楚，但有人聲稱“熱”是指“加熱”汽車以獲得更高的性能，“桿”與凸輪軸有關(guān)，凸輪軸通常經(jīng)過升級以提高功率輸出。

The vibrant culture of hot rods is still present, especially in the US, UK, Canada, Sweden, and Australia. The hot rod community is divided into two groups: hot rodders and street rodders. Members of both groups are really car nuts.

生機(jī)勃勃的改裝車文化仍然存在，特別是在美國、英國、加拿大、瑞典和澳大利亞。改裝車社區(qū)分為兩個群體：老式經(jīng)典改裝和街頭改裝。這兩個群體的成員都是真正的汽車狂人。