QA：羅馬有過(guò)黑人皇帝嗎？

The Roman Empire
Benjamin Kirk, Interested in History and Geopolitics, Americanophile
Answered Mon · Upvoted by
Stephen Lub, lived in Rome, Italy (1992-2016)
In the American Definition of Black, probably not


如果你說(shuō)的是美國(guó)人對(duì)黑人的定義，可能沒(méi)有過(guò)。

while Septimius Severus is Pointed as an Example of a Back Roman Emperor by Afrocentrists, in Reality he was Brown-Skinned more like Arabs
There were really no parts of the Roman Empire that can be Considered “Black” barring a Slither of the Extreme South of Egypt near Nubia, so all Blacks have to come from Slaves, which are unlikely to become Emperors, and most Roman Emperors were from Europe especially biased to Italians, Spanish, Illyrian, Thracian and Greek, some where from the Middle East and North Africa or descended from native Groups from there, but they weren’t really Black in the American Sense Either today or back then

雖然塞普蒂米烏斯·西弗勒斯被視為典型的非洲來(lái)的羅馬皇帝，但事實(shí)上，他的棕色皮膚讓他更像阿拉伯人
除了努比亞附近埃及最南端的一個(gè)狹長(zhǎng)地帶外，羅馬帝國(guó)沒(méi)有任何地方可以被視為“黑人區(qū)”，因此所有黑人基本上都來(lái)自奴隸，奴隸不太可能成為皇帝，而大多數(shù)羅馬皇帝都來(lái)自歐洲，尤其是意大利人、西班牙人、伊利里亞人、色雷斯人和希臘人，有些人來(lái)自中東和北非，或者是那里的土著的后裔，但無(wú)論是今天還是那時(shí)，他們都不是真正意義上的黑人

Domnhall, Been there thrice. Love Rome -- could spend weeks there (actually, I have!)
Answered Feb 8 · Upvoted by Valentine Belfiglio, PHD Political Science & History, Texas Woman's University (1970)
Scott Webb - the term “black” has multiple meanings to different people.
Do you mean “black” as in the way Americans use it? Namely as people having sub-saharan African heritage? In that case, then no, there were no black emperors of Rome - there were no emperors of Rome who had a sub-Saharan grand or great-grandparent.
Do you mean “black” as in the skin colour? Again, no emperor of Rome had a “black” skin tone - but many if not most of them had a brown or olive coloured skin-tone.
There were Roman Emperors of North-African heritage - Septimus Severus and his descendants. However remember that Severus was part Punic - meaning HIS ancestry was from Lebanon.

斯科特·韋伯 -“黑人”一詞對(duì)不同的人種有多種含義。
你是說(shuō)美國(guó)人對(duì)于“黑皮膚”一詞的理解方式嗎？即撒哈拉以南非洲的人？在這種情況下，沒(méi)有，羅馬沒(méi)有黑人皇帝 - 沒(méi)有羅馬皇帝的祖先來(lái)自于黑非洲。
如果你指的是膚色呢？再說(shuō)一次，羅馬皇帝都沒(méi)有“黑色”的膚色，但實(shí)際上，也有許多人有棕色或橄欖色的膚色。
有北非來(lái)的的羅馬皇帝——塞普蒂默斯·西弗勒斯及其后裔。然而，請(qǐng)記住，西弗勒斯有布匿血統(tǒng)——這意味著他的祖先來(lái)自黎巴嫩。

He may have had some Berber ancestry but
it seems clear that none of his great-grandparents had such ancestry
Berbers on the Mediterranean are closer related to other Mediterranean people rather than sub-saharan africans
This is what Berbers from Algeria or Tunisia or Morocco look like today

他可能有柏柏爾血統(tǒng)，但
很顯然，他的曾祖父母中沒(méi)有一個(gè)擁有這樣血統(tǒng)的祖先
地中海上的柏柏爾人與其他地中海人的關(guān)系更為密切，而不是撒哈拉以南的非洲人
這就是今天來(lái)自阿爾及利亞、突尼斯或摩洛哥的柏柏爾人的樣子

I need to add that the Afrocentric concept of “everything was sub-saharan African” denigrates the deeds of African kings and civilization builders. Don’t grab someone else’s heritage and forget about your own.

我需要補(bǔ)充的是，非洲中心論者的“一切都是黑非洲來(lái)的”的概念詆毀了非洲國(guó)王和文明建設(shè)者。不要搶了別人的東西就丟了自己的東西。

The Roman Empire
Shirin Shirazi, Masters from University of Houston-Clear Lake (2019)
This is probably going to sound like a cop-out, but that depends on what you mean by being Black. White and Black were not recognized concepts in Antiquity, so we're going to have acknowledge that we are applying modern ideas onto the past.
Now that that's out of the way, the Severan dynasty of emperors are often claimed as being Black. That is because Septimus Severus' father was a Western Phoenician from North Africa, while his mother was Italian. It's probably fair to say that many modern people wouldn't have considered Septimus Severus White— but that doesn't automatically mean that modern people would see them as Black, either.

這聽(tīng)起來(lái)可能像是在曲解，但這取決于你所說(shuō)的黑人是什么意思。白人和黑人在古代是不被認(rèn)可的概念，所以我們必須承認(rèn)，我們正在將現(xiàn)代理念應(yīng)用到過(guò)去。
現(xiàn)在，這已經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)了，塞維魯王朝的皇帝們經(jīng)常被稱為黑人。這是因?yàn)槿盏倌埂の鞲ダ账沟母赣H是來(lái)自北非的西腓尼基人，而他的母親是意大利人。公平地說(shuō)，許多現(xiàn)代人不會(huì)認(rèn)為塞普蒂默斯·西弗勒斯是白人，但這并不意味著現(xiàn)代人就應(yīng)該認(rèn)為他們是黑人。

Modern North Africans vary greatly in appearance: from blond and fair-skinned to dark-haired and very dark skinned and what Publius Septimus Geta looked like is unknown. We do know what his son and grandsons looked like and I'm not particularly confident that they would be pegged as White today, especially since his grandsons had an Arab mother.
Mind you, I've seen arguments that ancient North Africans were all Black, but their logic often leaves a lot to be desired. Here's a good example:
In fact, the earliest humans on earth, according to science, were black-skinned African people. The farther back into the past one goes, the Blacker the [African] continent is from south to north. This means that the presence in the north of Amazighs and Arabs, who did not originate in Africa but who have now been resident in Africa for nearly 2,000 years, represents a more recent population than the black population.

現(xiàn)代北非人的外貌差異很大：從金發(fā)和白皙皮膚到黑發(fā)和非常黑的皮膚，而巴布利烏斯·塞普蒂默斯·赫塔的長(zhǎng)相尚不清楚。我們確實(shí)知道他的兒子和孫子長(zhǎng)什么樣，我也不太相信他們今天會(huì)被認(rèn)為白人，特別是因?yàn)樗膶O子有一位阿拉伯母親。
請(qǐng)注意，我看到過(guò)一些論點(diǎn)，認(rèn)為古代北非人都是黑人，但他們的這種邏輯往往站不住腳。這有一個(gè)很好的例子：
事實(shí)上，根據(jù)科學(xué)研究，地球上最早誕生的人類是黑非洲人。追溯到過(guò)去，非洲大陸上的人從南到北的顏色越往南越黑。這意味著，北非的亞馬齊格人和阿拉伯人，他們并非起源于黑非洲，但現(xiàn)在他們已經(jīng)在非洲居住了近2000年，代表著比黑非洲原住民更近代的人種。

That's just flat-out wrong. The Amazigh are native to North Africa and have been there for much longer than 2000 years. Their earliest ancestors were present c. 5000 BCE and were definitely present when the Phoenicians began colonizing North Africa.
Other arguments try to claim that the Arab invasions substantially changed the way modern North Africans look, but the historical record and genetic analysis don't back this idea up. The Rashidun And Fatimid caliphates did not have enough Quryash Arabs to completely replace the populations of the places they conquered and were also heavily dependent on local elites to serve as bureaucrats. Genetic analysis of modern North Africans, both Amazigh and Arabs, indicates that they are more closely related to each other than the people of West Asia.

這種觀點(diǎn)完全錯(cuò)了。阿馬齊格人來(lái)自于北非，并在那里生活了2000多年。他們最早的祖先來(lái)自公元前5000年，當(dāng)腓尼基人開(kāi)始在北非殖民時(shí)，他們就已經(jīng)存在了。
其他觀點(diǎn)試圖聲稱阿拉伯入侵極大地改變了現(xiàn)代北非人的樣貌，但歷史記錄和基因分析并不支持這一觀點(diǎn)。阿拉伯帝國(guó)的哈里發(fā)沒(méi)有足夠的阿拉伯人口來(lái)完全替換他們征服的地方的人口，而且還嚴(yán)重依賴當(dāng)?shù)鼐?dān)任官僚。對(duì)現(xiàn)代北非人，包括亞馬齊格人和阿拉伯人的基因分析表明，他們之間的關(guān)系比與西亞人更為密切。

Max Farley, History Buff, Science Nerd, Cinephile and Stereophile
The Short Answer: No.
The Long Answer: Were there “black” Roman Emperors? No. Were there african Roman Emperors? Most certainly. The best example of this would have to be Septimius Severus, who was born in Leptis Magna, today approximately Khoms, on the modern-day northwestern coast of Libya. His wife, Iulia Domna (usually rendered Julia Domna) was an Arab born in Emesa, Syria (now Homs). Her sons, Geta and Caracella, who ascended the throne after Septimius Severus’ death, were thus half libyan and half arabic. Furthermore, the Emperor Elagabalus was of mixed descent - his father, Sextus Varius Marcellus, was a Roman Syrian, of whom very little is know, other than he was an equestrian (nobleman), Iulia (Julia) Soaemias, an arabic princess - in other words, Septimius Severus was libyan, his sons were half arabic and half libyan, and the man who succeeded his sons was half italian (roman) and half arabic. Now, they would not really fit the term “black”, in the modern sense if the word, as they were not sub-saharan african, but they were most certainly not white.

簡(jiǎn)短的回答：沒(méi)有。
詳細(xì)的回答：有“黑人”羅馬皇帝嗎？沒(méi)有，有非洲羅馬皇帝嗎？當(dāng)然有。最好的例子就是塞普蒂米烏斯·西弗勒斯，他出生在今天霍姆斯附近的利普蒂斯馬格納，位于現(xiàn)代利比亞西北海岸。他的妻子Iulia Domna（通常被稱為Julia Domna）是阿拉伯人，出生于敘利亞的埃梅薩（現(xiàn)霍姆斯）。塞普蒂米烏斯·西弗勒斯去世后，她的兩個(gè)兒子格塔和卡拉塞拉即位，因此他們一半血統(tǒng)是利比亞人，一半血統(tǒng)是阿拉伯人。此外，埃拉加巴勒斯皇帝是混血兒——他的父親塞克斯圖斯·瓦里烏斯·馬塞盧斯是敘利亞人，他還是一名騎手（貴族）、阿拉伯公主尤利亞·索埃米亞斯——換句話說(shuō)，塞普蒂米烏斯·塞維魯斯是利比亞人，他的兒子是半阿拉伯半利比亞人，繼承他兒子血統(tǒng)的人有一半意大利人（羅馬人）血統(tǒng)，一半是阿拉伯人血統(tǒng)。按現(xiàn)在的看法，他們既不是撒哈拉以南的非洲人，也肯定不是白人，那么他們就不符合現(xiàn)代意義上的“黑人”一詞。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://nxnpts.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處

Fran?oise Marie, Master's Degree Public Administration, Syracuse University
Even if it is true, it will be denied and questioned by white supremacists and their brainwashed followers.
The Roman Empire was a white empire with only white emperors. In addition, white supremacists have created the Negro stereotype only being found south of the Sahara. The only Blacks in Africa are “Sub-Saharans”. If there were Blacks among Roman Emperors, it would mean that these Blacks came from North and Saharan Africa. “White North Africa” is a blatant lie, then.

即使真的有過(guò)，白人至上主義者及其被洗腦的追隨者也會(huì)對(duì)此予以否認(rèn)和質(zhì)疑。
什么什么羅馬帝國(guó)是一個(gè)只有白人皇帝的白人帝國(guó)。此外，白人至上主義者創(chuàng)造了只有在撒哈拉以南才能發(fā)現(xiàn)的黑人刻板印象。非洲唯一的黑人是“黑非洲人”。如果羅馬皇帝中有黑人，那就意味著這些黑人來(lái)自北非和撒哈拉非洲。那么，“白人北非”就是一個(gè)明目張膽的謊言。

Truth be told, the Roman Empire was a transcontinental and multiracial empire (like all the long-lasting and longest-lived empires) and men of every race, color and continent could achieve the Imperium if they were capable of seizing the throne.
As someone noted : Under the Roman empire, would not discriminate: slaves were both white and black (so were Emperors and Popes)
Black Roman Emperors Macrinus and Emilianus were Romanized Moors.
Here is a lix on African Roman Emperors and other Africans who distinguished themselves in the Roman Empire.
The History of an African Emperor
Google search all the names of the people that follow:
Interestingly, at least ten Africans became Emperors of Rome. They are listed on the historical record as the following: Macrinus, Firmus, Emilianus, Septimius Serverus, Pescennius Niger, Aquilus Niger, Brutidius Niger, Q. Caecilus Niger, Novius Niger, and Trebius Niger who was a proconsul in Spain.
Black Popes Miltiades and Gelasius were Romanized Moors.
St. Miltiades | TheDailyMass.com

實(shí)話實(shí)說(shuō)，羅馬帝國(guó)是一個(gè)跨大洲、多種族的帝國(guó)（就像其它所有經(jīng)久不衰的帝國(guó)一樣），任何種族、膚色和地區(qū)的人只要有能力奪取王位，都可以登上帝國(guó)的寶座。
正如有人指出的那樣：在羅馬帝國(guó)時(shí)期，奴隸不會(huì)存在種族歧視：奴隸既有白人也有黑人（皇帝和教皇也是如此）
黑人羅馬皇帝馬克里努斯和埃米利亞努斯是羅馬化的摩爾人。
這里有一個(gè)關(guān)于非洲羅馬皇帝和其他在羅馬帝國(guó)中脫穎而出的非洲人的鏈接。
《非洲皇帝的歷史》
谷歌搜索到了以下這些人：
有趣的是，至少有十個(gè)非洲人成為了羅馬的皇帝。他們被列在歷史記錄中如下：馬克里努斯、菲爾默斯、埃米利亞努斯、塞普蒂米烏斯·瑟弗勒斯、佩森紐斯·尼日爾、阿奎盧斯·尼日爾、布魯?shù)俚蠟跛埂つ崛諣?、Q.凱西魯斯·尼日爾、諾維烏斯·尼日爾。還有特雷比烏斯·尼日爾，他是西班牙總督。
黑人教皇米爾提亞德斯和格拉修斯是羅馬化的摩爾人。

St. Miltiades served as pope from July 2, 311, to January 10, 314. Shortly after he became pope, the Church’s persecution under the Roman emperors ended with an edict of toleration and the ascension of a new Christian emperor, Constantine I. Properties that had been taken from the Church were returned, and Constantine gave Pope Miltiades the Lateran Palace as his residence.
Some scholars believe that Miltiades was one of three African men who have served as pope. The other two are Pope St. Victor I and Pope St. Gelasius.
The King and his gift
Representations of black men as Roman Emperors are not unusual in Dutch and European art: they are found, for example, on a number of cameos from the sixteenth century.
In circa 1586/88 Queen Elizabeth I of England gave her favourite Sir Francis Drake a jewel decorated with a black Roman emperor and a white woman.Karen C.C. Dalton argues that the concept of the black emperor is connected with alchemy and stands for Saturn.

從公元311年7月2日到314年1月10日，圣米提亞德斯擔(dān)任教皇。在他成為教皇后不久，羅馬皇帝對(duì)教堂的迫害以一項(xiàng)寬容法令結(jié)束，新的基督教皇帝君士坦丁一世登基?；实蹚慕烫脢Z走的財(cái)產(chǎn)被歸還，君士坦丁將拉特蘭宮作為教皇米提亞德的住所。
一些學(xué)者認(rèn)為米爾提亞德斯是三位擔(dān)任過(guò)教皇的非洲人之一。另外兩位是教皇圣維克托一世和教皇圣格拉修斯。
《國(guó)王和他的禮物》
在荷蘭和歐洲的藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作中，黑人作為羅馬皇帝的形象并不罕見(jiàn)：例如，在十六世紀(jì)的一些浮雕上就可以找到。
大約在1586/88年，英國(guó)女王伊麗莎白一世送給她最喜愛(ài)的弗朗西斯·德雷克爵士一顆飾有黑羅馬皇帝和白人女性的珠寶?？▊悺·道爾頓認(rèn)為，黑皇帝的概念與煉金術(shù)有關(guān)，代表土星（塔羅牌里的黑皇帝）。

Alex Mann
I’m sorry but this answer is horribly wrong. First off of those 10 “Emperors”, 6 of them never existed at all.
Firmus, Novius Niger, Caecilus Niger, Brutidius Niger, Aquilus Niger, and Trebius Niger were not emperors.
Trebius was proconsul in 150 BC (123 years before the Empire)
Bruntidius was a historian.
Firmus was a fabricated account of a man in the Historia Augusta. He never existed
Novius, Caecilus, and Aquilus never existed at all. In fact all of those names are just “gens” names meaning they were family names. Nobody would be named that- It would be like me calling you “Marie Black”. But there are no records of any of those men existing at all

很抱歉，這個(gè)答案大錯(cuò)特錯(cuò)。在你聲稱的這10位“皇帝”中，有6位根本不存在。
菲爾穆斯、諾維烏斯·尼日爾、凱西盧斯·尼日爾、布魯?shù)俚蠟跛埂つ崛諣枴⒖R斯·尼日爾和特雷比烏斯·尼日爾都不是皇帝。
特里比烏斯于公元前150年（比羅馬帝國(guó)早123年）成為總督
布倫蒂迪斯是一位歷史學(xué)家。
菲爾莫斯是《奧古斯塔史記》中一個(gè)虛構(gòu)的人物。他從未存在過(guò)
諾維烏斯、凱西盧斯和阿奎盧斯根本不存在。事實(shí)上，所有這些名字都只是“氏族”的名字，意味著它們是家族的名字。沒(méi)有人會(huì)這樣稱呼你——就像我叫你“瑪麗·布萊克”。但根本沒(méi)有這些人存在的記錄

Most of those names are just gens family names. You seem to think “Niger” means black skin which only reveals a misunderstanding of how Romans named things.
For instance, Pescennius Niger was white. He was born in Italy to wealthy Roman Equestrians. The “Niger” in his name was a nickname. His rival for the throne, Clodius Albinus was nicknamed “the white” and thus Pescennius got the name “Niger” being.
Septimius was half Punic and half Italian. Now if you call Punic black that sure he was black but busts, descxtions, and DNA tests reveal that Punic peoples were Middle Eastern/Greek ethnically. Was Septimius Severus a Black Roman Emperor? - Tales of Times Forgotten
Macrinus was a Berber so this comes down to definitions of “black”.
I’m interested in where those fake emperors came from? I speak Latin and have read every source document known to us and those men do not exist.

這些名字大多只是氏族的姓。你似乎認(rèn)為“尼日爾”的意思是黑色皮膚，而這只表明了對(duì)羅馬人如何命名事物的誤解。
例如，佩森紐斯·尼日爾是白人。他出生在意大利，出身于富有的羅馬騎士家庭。他名字中的“尼日爾”是一個(gè)昵稱。他的王位競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手克洛迪厄斯·阿爾比努斯綽號(hào)叫“白人”，因此佩森紐斯綽號(hào)叫“黑人”。
塞普蒂米烏斯是半迦太基人，半意大利人?，F(xiàn)在，如果你稱布匿人為黑人，那么他肯定是黑人，但半身像、描述和DNA測(cè)試顯示，布匿族是中東/希臘人種。
來(lái)源：《塞普蒂米烏斯·西弗勒斯是羅馬黑人皇帝嗎？被遺忘的時(shí)代的故事》
馬克里努斯是柏柏爾人，所以他在某種程度上算是“黑人”。
我想知道那些虛構(gòu)的皇帝是從哪里編出來(lái)的？我會(huì)說(shuō)拉丁語(yǔ)，讀過(guò)我們所知的所有原始文獻(xiàn)，這些人根本不存在。