QA:為什么“中國(guó)制造”仍然統(tǒng)治著整個(gè)世界？為什么許多其他國(guó)家無法與中國(guó)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)？

Joydip Choudhury
Originally Answered: Why is "made in China" still dominating the whole world? Why can't stuff be made in other countries?
Thanks for the A2A
There's got to be many factors, like political stability, cheap labor, economic reforms in the direction of making the regulatory environment less burdensome, identifying productive sectors and boosting manufacturing, crackdown on corruption (the type that stifles productivity), good transportation facilities, huge investment in research and development and reverse engineering the technology of other countries, less taxes and duties, an obedient work culture that is accustomed to collectively working hard and performing massive tasks in a short period of time (M Zedongs people's commune) and a political system that can facilitate some long term planning.
But pretty sure that a combination of many of the above things (or even better stuff) can be found in lots of other countries (for instance cheap labor can also be found in Mexico, Brazil, India etc). So it's a big conundrum as to why ONLY China is dominating, while others can't. One plausible reason could be geopolitical, see this
This is US banker David Rockefeller meeting with then Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai.
In order to contain US Cold War adversary Soviet unx, the US took advantage of the Sino Soviet split and performed an act of “kiss and make up” with the *** in 1972. This was followed by the visit of US corporate interests in 1973 (as seen in the pic), folks who saw an opportunity for squeezing unlimited profits in the monopolistic, one party system (via reduced labor costs and other things mentioned above) and also a huge market for their finished products, offshoring their manufacturing infrastructure in China. Also, after establishment of formal diplomatic relations in 1979 and a brief period of lull, a massive splurge of US investments into China followed, stuff that alongside exports, had a huge contribution to the miraculous Chinese growth story. Here's the chart,
And a related graph
Also, US investment into China formed a huge chunk of the total investments into China (almost 85 pct in 2019).
So apart from some good Chinese internal policies and programmes, it's the US geopolitical/corporate interests that has and continues to fuel Chinese economic growth (while also getting insanely rich themselves). Also, one cannot ignore the leverage that China, being the competing global hegemon, can NOW have in various related negotiations and trade deals, stuff that other countries can't.
U.S. direct investments in China 2000-2019 | Statista
Through the decades: The Rockefeller family and China

這里面一定有很多因素，比如政治穩(wěn)定、廉價(jià)的勞動(dòng)力、以減輕監(jiān)管負(fù)擔(dān)為方向進(jìn)行的經(jīng)濟(jì)改革、打擊（扼殺生產(chǎn)力的類型）的腐敗、良好的交通設(shè)施、投入巨資進(jìn)行技術(shù)研發(fā)和逆向工程、減少稅收和關(guān)稅、一種習(xí)慣于集體努力工作的，能在短時(shí)間內(nèi)完成大量任務(wù)的服從性的工作文化、一種有利于長(zhǎng)期規(guī)劃的政治制度等。
但可以肯定的是，上述許多因素的組合（甚至更好的東西）也可以在許多其他國(guó)家找到（例如，廉價(jià)的勞動(dòng)力也可以在墨西哥、巴西、印度等地找到）。因此，為什么只有中國(guó)占據(jù)了制造業(yè)的主導(dǎo)地位，而其他國(guó)家卻沒有，這是一個(gè)令人困惑的問題。一個(gè)更為合理的原因可能是由于地緣政治，看這個(gè)：

這是美國(guó)銀行家洛克菲勒在會(huì)見時(shí)任中國(guó)總理的周恩來。
為了遏制美國(guó)在冷戰(zhàn)中的對(duì)手蘇聯(lián)，美國(guó)利用中蘇分裂的機(jī)會(huì)，在1972年與中供進(jìn)行了一次“言歸于好（kiss and make up）”的行動(dòng)，緊接著是1973年美國(guó)企業(yè)集團(tuán)的來訪（如圖所示）。在壟斷/一黨制（可以降低勞動(dòng)力以及許多其他成本）/巨大的制成品市場(chǎng)上，人們看到了將他們的制造業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施轉(zhuǎn)移到中國(guó)并榨取無限利潤(rùn)的機(jī)會(huì)。此外，在1979年中美建立正式外交關(guān)系及短暫的停頓期之后，美國(guó)對(duì)中國(guó)的大規(guī)模投資隨之而來，這些投資與出口一起，為中國(guó)奇跡般的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)故事做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。這是圖表，

以及相關(guān)的圖表

此外，美國(guó)對(duì)華投資占外國(guó)對(duì)華投資總額的很大一部分（2019年幾乎占了85%）（譯注：這里應(yīng)該是不對(duì)的，見一下備注）。
因此，除了一些好的中國(guó)的內(nèi)部政策和計(jì)劃外，美國(guó)的地緣政治/企業(yè)利益已經(jīng)并將繼續(xù)推動(dòng)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)（同時(shí)也讓中國(guó)自己變得異常富裕）。此外，我們不能忽視中國(guó)作為全球霸主競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者，在各種相關(guān)談判和貿(mào)易協(xié)議中所能發(fā)揮的的影響力，這是其他國(guó)家所不具備的。
2000-2019年美國(guó)對(duì)華直接投資統(tǒng)計(jì)
走過幾十年：洛克菲勒家族與中國(guó)
譯注：美國(guó)對(duì)華投資
據(jù)中國(guó)商務(wù)部統(tǒng)計(jì)，2018年，中國(guó)新批設(shè)立美資企業(yè)1750家，同比上升30%；合同美資金額104.5億美元，同比上升100.3%；實(shí)際使用美資金額26.9億美元，同比上升1.5%。截至2018年底，美對(duì)華投資項(xiàng)目累計(jì)達(dá)70181個(gè)，實(shí)際投入851.9億美元，分別占中國(guó)已批外資企業(yè)的7.3%和4.2%。當(dāng)年美國(guó)在中國(guó)外資來源地中居第八位。

------------------------
Adrian Lee Magill, Video Company President/Artist BA SFU, VFS (diploma), Author，Lives in Amagasaki, Japan
Originally Answered: Why is "made in China" still dominating the whole world? Why can't stuff be made in other countries?
Original question: Why is "made in China" still dominating the whole world? Why can't stuff be made in other countries?
Thanks for the A2A.
Is it? I don't think so.
I go into the supermarket. I see stickers from. Australia, the Phillipines, Canada and New Zealand. Not much is made in China.
The hardware store has plenty of “made in Japan”. and “made in USA" stickers. Not many “made in China” if at all.
Raw materials? Nope. Back to Australia and Canada.
In fact, the only place “made in China” dominates is in the bargain stores where the cheapest stuff is.
The answer to your next question is yes. Countries can manufacture their own products and many do. Buy local where possible, and you'll see what I mean. Sometimes it just takes a little research.
I hope this helps. Stay safe.

真的嗎？我不這么認(rèn)為。
我在超市里看到的產(chǎn)品標(biāo)簽很多來自澳大利亞、菲律賓、加拿大和新西蘭，來自中國(guó)的并不多。
在五金店里有很多產(chǎn)品都有“日本制造”以及“美國(guó)制造”的標(biāo)簽，并沒有很多“中國(guó)制造”。
原材料？不，你會(huì)想到澳大利亞和加拿大。
事實(shí)上，“中國(guó)制造”只在廉價(jià)商店占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位，那里有最便宜的東西。
你的另一個(gè)問題的答案是肯定的，各國(guó)可以制造自己的產(chǎn)品，許多國(guó)家都可以。建議你盡可能買本地貨，有時(shí)候只是需要一點(diǎn)研究你就會(huì)明白我的意思。
我希望這對(duì)你有幫助，祝平安。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://nxnpts.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處

---------------------------
Corey Tournet, Have lived and done business in China for 10+ years，Lives in Austin, TX
That’s a fairly blanket statement, reality is more complex. “Compete” is also not a simple issue. In some markets “compete” means to create the best product with little regard to cost. Like high fashion or life saving medical devices or services. In other markets “compete” is just about whoever has the lowest price. “Compete” in some cases has nothing to do with talent but rather whoever has lower labor costs. I have some friends in China that used to sell a lot of motorcycles around the world but then lost the business to competitors in India who had 1/4 the labor costs. They were telling me the quality in India was really bad before but once it became similar it was game over.
There are even factors such as government regulations that effectively prohibit many countries from competing. For example only China makes mini full automatic washing machines, because in other countries, they have regulations that force manufacturers to make larger units due to energy and water use requirements. If you want to know the situation it’s best to look at an individual class of product.

這是一個(gè)相當(dāng)籠統(tǒng)的說法，現(xiàn)實(shí)更為復(fù)雜，“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”也不是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的問題。在某些市場(chǎng)，“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”意味著創(chuàng)造出最好的產(chǎn)品而幾乎不考慮成本，比如高級(jí)時(shí)裝或救生醫(yī)療設(shè)備或服務(wù)。而在其他市場(chǎng)，“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”只關(guān)乎誰的價(jià)格最低。在某些情況下，“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”與人才無關(guān)，而與誰的勞動(dòng)力成本更低有關(guān)。我在中國(guó)有一些朋友，他們過去在世界各地銷售了很多摩托車，但后來他們把生意輸給了印度的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手，因?yàn)橛《鹊母?jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手擁有他們1/4的勞動(dòng)力成本。他們以前告訴我印度的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量很差，但一旦它們變得相似，游戲就結(jié)束了。
甚至還有一些因素，比如政府的規(guī)章制度也有效地禁止了許多國(guó)家的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。例如，只有中國(guó)生產(chǎn)迷你型全自動(dòng)洗衣機(jī)，因?yàn)樵谄渌麌?guó)家，由于有對(duì)能源和水的使用要求，他們有相關(guān)規(guī)定迫使制造商生產(chǎn)更大的洗衣機(jī)。如果你想了解相關(guān)的情況，最好查看一個(gè)單獨(dú)的產(chǎn)品類別。

----------------------------
Anonymous
We’re beating a dead horse with this “why make stuff in China and not other places “ questions … my goodness it’s been asked and answered quite feverishly for decades now.
First is to understand how manufacturing works, and to a greater extent, how different economies work.
Then, Look at the strengths and weaknesses of China’s manufacturing shill and then look at the strengths and weaknesses of the other countries manufacturing game.
It is a lot more than cheap costs.
If you still don’t get it, then there’s no hope for you.

“為什么要在中國(guó)制造東西而不是在其他地方制造東西”的問題讓我們大吃一驚……我的天哪，幾十年來人們一直在狂熱地提問和回答這個(gè)問題。
首先我們要了解制造業(yè)是如何運(yùn)作的，以及在更大程度上不同的經(jīng)濟(jì)體是如何運(yùn)作的。
然后，看看中國(guó)制造業(yè)的強(qiáng)項(xiàng)和弱項(xiàng)，再看看其他國(guó)家制造業(yè)的強(qiáng)項(xiàng)和弱項(xiàng)。
制造業(yè)不僅僅在于便宜的成本。
如果你還不明白，那你就沒救了。

------------------------
Shing Chan, BSc Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (1988)，Lives in The United Kingdom1974–present
Originally Answered: Why is "made in China" still dominating the whole world? Why can't stuff be made in other countries?
The made in China label is actually a misnomer.
An Iphone has components and software made all over the world. Some components come from China but they also come from Korea, the USA, Japan, Germany and other countries.
Its final assembly is in China and it gets the made in China label. Similarly, if something has the made in USA label, such as a pair of jeans, there is a good chance the denim comes from India or Pakistan, the zip from China, the thread from the USA and the final assembly in the USA.

“中國(guó)制造”的說法實(shí)際上是用詞不當(dāng)。
一臺(tái)iphone的零件和軟件來自全球各地。一些零件來自中國(guó)，但也有很多來自韓國(guó)、美國(guó)、日本、德國(guó)和其他國(guó)家。
它的總裝是在中國(guó)完成的，所以它貼上了中國(guó)制造的標(biāo)簽。同樣地，如果某件東西有“美國(guó)制造”的標(biāo)簽，比如一條牛仔褲，那么其面料很有可能來自印度或巴基斯坦，拉鏈來自中國(guó)，線來自美國(guó)，最后在美國(guó)完成縫制。

-------------------------
Beng Lee, former Retired specialist
Originally Answered: Why is "made in China" still dominating the whole world? Why can't stuff be made in other countries?
China has the following:
1 A large hardworking and intelligent work force.
2. A large pool of STEM graduates
3 A stable political system.
4 A smart leadership that think ahead about planning for the longer term.
5. Great infrastructures.
Any country that has the above can equally excell.

因?yàn)橹袊?guó)有以下特點(diǎn)：
有一支吃苦耐勞、聰明熟練的勞動(dòng)大軍
有一大批STEM畢業(yè)生
有穩(wěn)定的政治制度
有一個(gè)聰明的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)團(tuán)體，能提前考慮并長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)規(guī)劃
基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施更好
任何一個(gè)具備上述條件的國(guó)家都同樣可以出類拔萃。