什么東西最有可能導致人類的滅絕?
What is the most likely to cause humanity''s extinction?譯文簡介
我投性愛機器人一票。
正文翻譯
What is the most likely to cause humanity's extinction?
什么東西最有可能導致人類的滅絕?
評論翻譯
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Probably the dumbest fucking thing you can imagine
很可能是你能想象得到的最蠢的方式。
Like yogurt or giving cats opposable thumbs in love death and robots.
比如《愛,死亡與機器人》里的酸奶,或是給貓能彎曲的大拇指。
A pandemic caused by dirty telephone receivers after society eliminated all the telephone sanitizer jobs
在社會消滅了所有電話清潔工的工作之后因為電話聽筒太臟引起的一場傳染?。ㄗg注:梗出自銀河系漫游指南)
Love how the top comments are a mix of real deep one word comments, funny troll comments, and then like 2 or 3 actual possibilities.
我很喜歡贊數(shù)最多的評論里既有非常深刻的一個詞的回答,也有搞笑的釣魚評論,還有兩三個真實存在的可能。
I've always thought that humans will begin modifying DNA and making cyborg-like modifications to the human body until we reach the point that the concept of human will be so diluted that we will have to call ourselves another way, leading to the extinction of humanity as we know it.
我一直覺得人類會開始修改自己的DNA,然后整出生化人那樣的身體改造,直到人類的這個概念被稀釋到我們需要稱自己為別的東西,最終導致人類這個物種的滅絕。
From the moment i understood the weakness of my flesh it disgusted me
在我意識到我的血肉之軀的弱小的那一刻,我就開始對自己感到惡心。
I think people really underestimate what it would take to actually completely exterminate our entire species. We already bounced back from a population collapse down to under 10,000 once, we could do so again. Nuclear war, ecological collapse, incurable disease; I highly doubt that any of them could kill everyone. Even if it's just a few isolated pockets in the outback or the jungle that survive, that's still not extinction.
我覺得人們真正低估的是徹底滅絕我們整個種族的難度。我們實際上是從一次人口崩潰到少于10000人的事件中反彈回來的,我們還可以再這樣做一次。核戰(zhàn)爭,環(huán)境崩潰,無法治愈的疾??;我嚴重懷疑這些有沒有能力殺死所有人。就算是有幾個互相隔絕的小團體在荒野或叢林中幸存,也不算是滅絕。
說真的,我覺得想要徹底抹除我們的存在,需要一場天文級別的災害(小行星/彗星撞擊,伽馬射線暴等),并且這種事件還得發(fā)生在我們在地球以外有足夠多的人口之前。
編輯:稍微澄清一下,我并不是“不會有事”的意思。假如我們用核戰(zhàn)爭把自己炸回石器時代,或者把這顆星球的氣候影響到農(nóng)業(yè)無法實現(xiàn),那么人類文明當然永遠都不能恢復。但問題是徹底的,完全的物種滅絕,那我覺得還得再前進一大步。
What’s the event that brought us down to 10,000 if I may ask?
我想問一問是什么事件導致了我們的人口曾經(jīng)減少到10000人的水平?
I believe it was a supervolcano eruption which initiated a mini ice age, correct me if I'm wrong
我記得是一次超級火山噴發(fā),導致了一次迷你冰期,我說錯了的話請更正我。
I’m pretty sure you’re right. A volcano in Indonesia about 70,000 years ago.
我很確定你說的沒錯。是印尼的一次火山噴發(fā),發(fā)生在約七萬年前。
Does that mean our genetic pool is fucked ?
這意味著我們的基因池沒救了嗎?
It may have been. I don't know about that. However today it isn't due to the large amount of mutations that occured in 70,000 years.
或許曾經(jīng)是這樣。我不好說。但今天不是了,因為在這七萬年間我們經(jīng)歷了非常多的突變。
Yes and no.
是,也不是。
人類這個物種基因多樣性的寬度和深度其實……沒那么大。在非洲是最多樣的,人類曾經(jīng)在那里生活過幾十萬年。每當一個種群遷徙出去,這個種群中的基因多樣性只有隨機的一部分能夠保留下來。新的種群的基因多樣性會變小,并且從這個種群再次遷徙出去的種群,多樣性還會變得更小(除非整個種群都一起遷徙)。
讓我試著闡述一下。
假如拉丁字母表就代表某個物種的全部基因。
ABCDEDGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ.
Now a bottleneck event occurs. This can be a volcano, a really deadly germ, or space lasers targeting everyone blonde, doesn’t matter what kind of event as long as the population affected isn’t totally random. (Yes, a volcano isn’t random, it affects most the people settling on its slope for instance.) Suddenly the whole bottom row of the keyboard in our genetic diversity gets wiped out.
現(xiàn)在瓶頸事件發(fā)生了??赡苁腔鹕絿姲l(fā),非常致命的細菌,或者來自太空的激光把所有金發(fā)的人都給biu了,別管是什么,只要受到這個事件影響的群體并不是完全隨機的(沒錯,比如火山噴發(fā)的影響不是隨機的,它影響的最主要的是居住在火山山腳的那些人)。于是突然間我們基因多樣性的鍵盤的最下面那一排鍵就被抹掉了。
ADEFGHIJKLOPQESTUW.
Can you still spell and read without these letters? Certainly. But some word will become difficult, some impossible.
你還能用這些字母繼續(xù)拼寫嗎?當然可以。但一些單詞會變得更困難,另一些則根本不可能拼寫。
原創(chuàng)翻譯:龍騰網(wǎng) http://nxnpts.cn 轉載請注明出處
接下來隨著時間的推移,新的字母被加了進去,這些字母是從之前留下的字母里衍生出來的,比如???????什么的。這會替代之前的那些消失的字母,并且隨著時間推移慢慢地恢復多樣性,但這不意味著原本的那些字母沒有消失。
有這么個名詞,叫最小可生存種群,計算的是種群需要有多大才能避免危險的效應被遺傳到幾代以后。有很多要素需要考慮(r/K選擇理論,隨機性等等)。但簡單來說,你需要幾百人或幾千人來達到這個目標。我記得能代表人類種族基因多樣性的種群最小數(shù)量是20000名個體,但老鼠的話是100000到1000000的級別。我忘了是在哪里讀到的了。
我想說的是,不。我們的基因池也沒那么糟糕。只不過比我們這個跨度的K選擇物種理應的深度要淺一些。
This is a top tier post.
這是個頂級的回帖。
你是學什么的?
I’m not the poster but this is my degree field! Anthropology! Specifically evolutionary anthropology. It’s the best.
我不是原帖主,但這是我學位的領域!人類學!準確地說是進化人類學。是最棒的!
Does that mean that many genetric traits that humans of the past had are missing today?
這意味著人類曾經(jīng)擁有過的很多基因性狀都消失了嗎?
70,000 years ago predates pretty much all history so any skeletal remains wouldn't reveal things like currently unseen eye colors or digestive differences. I would like to assume we had like cartilage fins for faster swimming or like slit pupils or some crazy shit that got lost during the calamity, that would be awesome. Maybe if the afterlife is real we'll meet some ancient human souls
七萬年前已經(jīng)比基本所有歷史都要久遠了,所以殘留的化石也沒辦法揭示比如我們沒見過的瞳孔顏色,或者消化的不同之類的。我猜我們可能曾經(jīng)擁有過讓自己游得更快的軟骨魚鰭,或者分裂的瞳孔之類瘋狂的東西,這些都因為災難而消失了,那還挺酷的?;蛟S假如真的有來生,我們就能遇見一些遠古人類的靈魂了。
That's an interesting thought. What if stuff from folklore were just ancient memories of different tribes that didn't make it. Maybe one tribe had the trait for pointed ears, and another was stout and burly, and that's where elves and dwarves came from.
這是個很有趣的想法。要是那些神話傳說里的東西都只是對其他沒能幸存下來的部落的古老記憶就有意思了?;蛟S有個部落的耳朵特別尖,另一個部落矮壯魁梧,精靈和矮人就是這么來的。
We have very low genetic diversity compared to other mammals because of this bottleneck. Basically, we are all a little inbred. Plagues hit us a little harder than they would - very low chances of an immune or highly resistant population
與其他的哺乳動物相比,我們的基因多樣性特別小,這就是這個瓶頸事件導致的。簡單地說,我們都有一點近親繁殖。瘟疫對我們造成的影響也會更強一些——出現(xiàn)免疫或具有高度抵抗力的種群的概率非常低。
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My fav is gamma ray burst. If one happens close enough to hit us, we probably wouldn't even detect it. That means that at any moment, we can be flash fried into extinction with very likely no warning.
我最喜歡的是伽馬射線暴。假如有一個發(fā)生得離我們足夠近,那么我們甚至都來不及發(fā)現(xiàn)。這意味著在任何時刻,我們都可能突然被瞬間炸熟全部滅絕,沒有任何警告。
每次人生中不好的事情把我壓垮的時候,我都會想到這個。
編輯:顯然我錯了,伽馬射線暴不會立刻把我們烤熟。它會把我們對太陽輻射的保護消滅掉,然后慢慢殺死我們所有人。但你們也不至于非得那么傲慢。人總是會犯錯,并且也會從中學習。
有很多宇宙學尺度的終結一切生命的事件,它們都可能發(fā)生,并且我們什么都做不了,即便我們提前發(fā)現(xiàn)的話。有人可能覺得困惑這種事情為什么會讓我舒心。我的回答是,這讓我意識到事情并不總是像我們以為的那樣重要??傆幸惶?,這個星球都會變成一塊沒有生命的巖石。我們正在一天天地走向自己的末日,所以深呼吸一口,享受我們還能活著的這個事實吧。
I am not a physicist, but a gamma ray that would be completely fatal to earth should be (less than around) 8,000 light years away. The Milky Way is roughly 100,000 light years across and there are no obxts close enough to earth to likely do that. And if it did, we'd likely see the event happen, assuming the immediate gamma ray wasn't facing earth. There are about 40,000 star-like obxts within 10k light years of the sun.
我不是個物理學家,但我知道對地球來說絕對致命的伽馬射線暴應當發(fā)生在(距離地球至多)8000光年的位置。銀河系的寬度差不多是十萬光年,地球周圍不存在有可能發(fā)生這種事件的物體。并且就算發(fā)生了,我們也可能見證這個事件發(fā)生,假設伽馬射線沒有直接射向地球。在太陽周圍一萬光年的范圍內,共有約四萬個類似于恒星的物體。
As noted, there are no obxts close by (neutron stars etc., supernovae..) that could really cook us, and even then, we'd need to be in the path of the beam for it to be catastrophic. So the odds are good that even if there was a candidate obxt nearby, it wouldn't be pointing in our direction.
正如上文提到的,不存在足夠近的能夠真的把我們烤熟的物體(中子星或超新星之類的),并且就算有,我們也需要徑直位于射線流的方向上,才能引發(fā)災難。所以就算有候選星體在我們附近,它沒有指著我們的方向的概率也很高。
然而即便從非??捎^的距離,比如3000光年那么遠的距離,我們還是有可能中招。但假如我記得沒錯的話,在這個距離內也沒有星體能夠發(fā)生伽馬射線暴。
然而,伽馬射線暴通過直接烤熟和輻射殺死生命的可能性并不高。更大的可能是,遠達10000光年的一次伽馬射線暴都可能嚴重損壞臭氧層。一開始,大氣層會很大程度上讓我們免受直接的輻射暴露。問題在于伽馬射線會將大氣層離子化,生成高海拔的二氧化氮,抹除臭氧層。
這會導致世界各地生態(tài)環(huán)境的崩潰,因為來自太陽的紫外線會摧毀植物和其他食物鏈底層的生物。地表生成的臭氧沒有用。
Astronomical phenomenon like a rogue planet, or an asteroid.
天文現(xiàn)象,比如星際行星或是小行星。
I'm apparently fuzzy on the definition of a rogue planet. I believed they were simply planets that formed outside of or somehow escaped a star system. Simply a planet without a star. How might that bring about humanities extinction? Through a collision?
我對星際行星的定義一直都很疑惑。我相信它們是在恒星之外形成的,或者不知怎么回事脫離了星系的引力。一個沒有恒星的星星。這樣的行星會如何導致人類的滅絕呢?碰撞嗎?
If one came close enough to distrupt our orbit around the sun and kick us out of the "goldilocks" zone, we could die by heat or cold.
假如有個行星靠得足夠近,它就會干擾我們環(huán)繞太陽的軌道,并且把我們踢出宜居區(qū),我們會熱死或凍死。
A bad-tempered, bureaucratic alien species of space engineers deciding to construct a hyperspace bypass through our solar system.
一個壞脾氣的,官僚主義的外星太空工程師種族決定造一條穿過我們太陽系的超空間航道。(譯注:還是銀河系漫游指南的梗)
I mean, the plans have been on display in Alpha Centauri for quite some time.
不是我說,施工計劃早就在半人馬阿爾法公告了好久了。
Climate change, pandemics, etc will probably just make a dent of a smaller or bigger size. For an extinction level event, there's fewer options:
氣候變化,疫情等等只會讓我們的人口數(shù)量或多或少的減少。如果是滅絕級別的事件的話,選項要少很多。
小行星撞擊。
全球熱核戰(zhàn)爭。
伽馬射線暴。
……之類的東西。
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Thank you. We’ve recovered from times when we were only a few thousands, we survived an Ice Age, at this point it’s absurd to think that anything less than a planet-level cataclysm can kill all 7 billion humans with no way to repopulate.
謝謝你。我們曾經(jīng)從只有幾千人口的程度恢復過來,我們幸存過冰河時代,到這個程度的話
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One of the scariest stories to me was a lix here on Reddit, to a study claiming that we can never restore civilization in a case like that. By removing all the easily accessible fossil fuel, we will never be able to bring civilization back up to a level where we can start using renewable energy, where we can an have plentiful metal and concrete, where we can build large buildings and travel long distances. There’s just nothing else that is a good enough energy source
對我來說最嚇人的一個故事是以前在reddit看過的一個鏈接,一項研究聲稱遇到這種情況的話我們永遠都不可能再重建文明。只要移除所有能簡單開采的化石燃料,我們就永遠不可能再把文明提升到能夠使用可再生能源的高度,能夠擁有大量金屬和混凝土的高度,能夠建造高大的建筑、長距離旅行的高度。因為再也沒有足夠優(yōu)秀的能源了。
How about solar flares? What if there comes a solar flare that fries all electronics? Suddenly, we'd have no transportation, no food because it relies on transportation, no running water, no pacemakers, etc.?
太陽耀斑呢?要是發(fā)生了一個把所有電子器件都燒壞了的太陽耀斑會發(fā)生什么?我們會突然之間失去運輸,失去食物,因為食物依靠運輸,失去自來水,失去起搏器等等?
We won't go extinct, it will just collapse society
我們不會滅絕,那只會讓社會崩塌。
If tech suddenly went awry there would still be plenty of people able to live in local farms. It would destroy our civilization but people would survive. The only thing that would truly send humans extinct is the earth becoming entirely uninhabitable for us and the food we eat, like an asteroid boiling our oceans or something like that.
就算科技突然不能用了,仍然會有很多人可以在當?shù)氐霓r(nóng)場生活。這會毀滅我們的文明,但人們還能活下來。真正能讓人類滅絕的是地球完全不適合我們居住,也不適合我們吃的食物生長,比如小行星蒸發(fā)掉我們的海洋之類的。
The danger of solar flares to society is greatly over exaggerated. Nowadays, most power grids are protected from EMPs and even electronics. GPS might become wonky and aircraft might get affected but is on the ground no.
太陽耀斑對社會的危害被嚴重夸大了?,F(xiàn)在基本所有電網(wǎng)都能防電磁沖擊,甚至一些電子器件也可以。GPS可能不準,飛機可能受到影響,但地面上不會有事的。
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Polar ice cap melts, releases bacteria from 5 million years ago and it’s pissed.
極地冰蓋融化,釋放出五百萬年前的細菌,細菌很生氣。
5-million-year old bacteria vs modern antibiotics. Place your bets
五百萬年歷史的細菌VS當代抗生素。買定離手!
I mean… obviously modern antibiotics. New bacteria have had decades to evolve to resist the effects, and they’re still crushed 99% of the time. 5 million year old bacteria would have no reason to evolve any resistance.
我覺得……顯然是當代的抗生素吧。現(xiàn)在的新細菌已經(jīng)用幾十年的時間來進化出抵抗這些效應的能力,即便如此99%的情況下它們仍然會被殺死。五百萬年前的細菌根本沒有存活下來的理由。
這會像是羅馬軍團攻擊現(xiàn)代軍事哨站一樣。他們會在幾英里開外就被無人機殺死,被滅得一干二凈,幸存者會說是天神朱庇特從天上把他們劈死了。
This should be a writing prompt, but instead, send a modern military unit into the past and see how they would handle themselves against the Roman legion.
這應該搞成一個寫作腦洞,但可以改成一個現(xiàn)代軍事單位被送到了過去,看看他們如何對抗羅馬軍團。
Plague Inc. connoisseur: my bets are on Madagascar and Iceland making it.
瘟疫公司玩家:我賭馬達加斯加和冰島能活下來。
Time. Nothing lasts forever.
時間。沒有什么是永久的。
Humanity
人性
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This reminds me of the time last year May 2020. When due to lockdown, a lot of pollution went away, and then everyone on the internet declared: "We, humans are the real virus"
這讓我想起去年,2020年五月的時候,因為封城很多污染都消失了,于是網(wǎng)上的所有人都開始說,“我們,人類才是真正的病毒?!?/b>
To be more specific, our combined stupidity.
更細致一點地說,我們加起來的愚蠢。
the problem with intelligence is it averages out
智慧的問題在于它會被平均掉。
愚蠢的問題在于它會累加到一塊兒。
Hubris
傲慢。
原創(chuàng)翻譯:龍騰網(wǎng) http://nxnpts.cn 轉載請注明出處
Hubris, ignorance, and apathy. We will die by these things
傲慢,無知和冷漠。我們會死于這些的。
Sex Robots! Hear me out:
性愛機器人!聽我書:
科技在飛速進步。所以這些制造性愛機器人的聰明伶俐的阿宅們會設計出完美的愛人。不止是普通的漂亮女人,而是滿分10分的完美女人。它可以連接到科技公司的算法里,統(tǒng)計出每個人看片兒的習慣。人類一旦開始使用這些性愛機器人,就不會再生孩子了。
并且不止直男可以用,女人和LGBT群體也可以用?;ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)會跟蹤每個人的偏好和反應,微調制造完美愛人的技藝。性愛機器人比起離婚便宜多了,不會讓你花費一年又一年的時間。
但這些性愛機器人會安裝那種學習讓自己的主人更開心,變成完美愛人的算法。沒有爭執(zhí),沒有吵架,沒有離婚,他們的存在就是為了讓你開心!
最終世界上幸存的最后兩個人類將會是一個無家可歸的老頭和一個無家可歸的老太太,他們到處尋找能維修自己性愛機器人的零部件,人類就這樣歸于塵土了……
原創(chuàng)翻譯:龍騰網(wǎng) http://nxnpts.cn 轉載請注明出處
There is, however, a major flaw in that statement, while you considered the inevitable transcendence of the ai, you completely ignored the progress in other areas, including repopulation techniques and artificial, machine assisted birth. And even excluding THAT, do you really think there wouldn’t be a single person wanting to be a parent?
然而,你的論證有一個非常大的缺陷。你雖然考慮到了AI科技必然來臨的技術飛躍,但你卻完全忽略了其他領域的發(fā)展,例如人口繁殖技術,人工、機械輔助的生育。就算不考慮這個,難道你真的覺得世界上不會有任何一個人不想當父母嗎?
Over consumption of resources in general.
總地來說,過度消費資源。
I don’t think this would lead to extinction. I think there would be a massive blow to our population but civilizations existed well before technology. As long as there is animals, plants, and water, I think humanity will continue.
我不覺得這會導致滅絕。我覺得可能會給我們的人口總量帶來沉重的打擊,但人類文明早在科技之前就存在了。只要還有動物,植物和水,我覺得人類就能繼續(xù)存在下去。