UK warned it is unprepared for climate chaos
-The UK is woefully unprepared to deal with changes occurring to the climate, government advisers say.

英國警告稱，它對氣候混亂沒有準(zhǔn)備
——政府顧問表示，英國在應(yīng)對氣候變化方面毫無準(zhǔn)備。


(Expect more of this: extreme weather will put infrastructure under pressure)

（預(yù)計(jì)會看到更多這種情況：極端天氣將給基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施帶來壓力）
新聞：

A report by the independent Climate Change Committee predicts warming will hit the UK harder than first thought.

獨(dú)立的氣候變化委員會的一份報(bào)告預(yù)測，氣候變暖對英國的打擊將比預(yù)想的更嚴(yán)重。

It warns of more severe heatwaves, especially in big cities, and more intense rainfall, with an increased flood risk across most of the UK.

它警告說，會有更多嚴(yán)重的熱浪，特別是在大城市，以及更多的強(qiáng)降雨，在英國大部分地區(qū)增加洪水風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

It says homes, infrastructure and services must be made resilient to floods, heat and humid nights.

報(bào)告說，必須使房屋、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和服務(wù)能夠抵御洪水、炎熱和潮濕的夜晚。
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The authors of the report on adaptation, or "climate-proofing", warn that global warming can cause damage running into tens of billions of pounds over short periods - and they say they're frustrated at the lack of government action.

這份關(guān)于適應(yīng)氣候變化或“氣候保護(hù)”的報(bào)告的作者們警告說，全球變暖可能在短期內(nèi)造成高達(dá)數(shù)百億英鎊的損失——他們說，他們對政府缺乏行動感到失望。

The committee, also known as the CCC, says the UK is even worse prepared than it was five years ago, at the time of its last report on the risks of climate change.

該委員會也被稱為CCC，它說英國的準(zhǔn)備甚至比五年前更差——當(dāng)時(shí)它作了關(guān)于氣候變化風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的上一份報(bào)告。

The CCC is an independent group of experts set up to provide the government with advice on the climate crisis.

CCC是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的專家小組，專門為政府提供氣候危機(jī)方面的建議。

The chairwoman of the CCC's sub-committee on adaptation, Baroness Brown, said ministers appeared to be deterred from taking action by the upfront costs of protecting infrastructure. This is because the benefits sometimes are not seen for several years.

氣候變化委員會適應(yīng)小組委員會主席布朗男爵夫人說，大臣們似乎被保護(hù)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的前期成本嚇得不敢采取行動。這是因?yàn)檫@些好處有時(shí)好幾年都看不到。

"They think they can put adaptation off until tomorrow," she said. "But now's the time for urgent action."

“他們認(rèn)為他們可以把適應(yīng)推遲到明天，”她說?！暗F(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是采取緊急行動的時(shí)候了?！?/b>

Responding to the report's findings, a government spokesman said many of the issues raised were being addressed in policy.

一位政府發(fā)言人在回應(yīng)報(bào)告的調(diào)查結(jié)果時(shí)表示，許多提出的問題已在政策上得到解決。

Here's what the CCC says the government must do to better prepare for the impacts of climate change:

以下是氣候變化委員會認(rèn)為政府必須采取的措施，以便更好地應(yīng)對氣候變化的影響：

Buildings
There's a need to insulate buildings to save emissions, but overheating has emerged as a deadly risk - especially in flats. The government must force landlords to improve cooling by, say, installing sunshades. Ministers must ensure all new homes are built for a hotter climate.

建筑
有必要為建筑物隔熱以減少排放，但過熱已成為一種致命的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)——尤其是在公寓中。政府必須通過安裝遮陽板等方式迫使房東改善散熱效果。大臣們必須確保所有的新房都是為更炎熱的氣候建造的。

Nature
The state of UK nature has been declining for some time, with habitat loss one of the factors driving the loss of plant and animal species. Climate change will make the situation worse. Beech trees won't be able to tolerate conditions in southern England by 2050.

自然
一段時(shí)間以來，英國的自然狀況一直在下降，棲息地的喪失是導(dǎo)致動植物物種消失的因素之一。氣候變化將使情況變得更糟。到2050年，山毛櫸樹將無法忍受英格蘭南部的環(huán)境。
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Three-quarters of upland species are likely to struggle by the end of the century, the report says. Meanwhile, peat bogs currently help reduce the effects of climate change by absorbing carbon from the atmosphere. But if the world continues to warm at the current rate, peatlands could dry out, and begin releasing their stored carbon into the air.

報(bào)告稱，到本世紀(jì)末，四分之三的高地物種可能面臨滅絕的危險(xiǎn)。與此同時(shí)，泥炭沼澤目前通過吸收大氣中的碳來幫助減少氣候變化的影響。但如果世界繼續(xù)以目前的速度變暖，泥炭地可能會干涸，并開始向空氣中釋放儲存的碳。

The government must re-wet 100% of upland peat moors urgently, the report says.

該報(bào)告稱，政府必須立即重新潤濕100%的高地泥炭沼澤。
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Supply chains
Climate change will place pressure on our increasingly connected world and the effects can take us by surprise. For example, about 10 years ago, flooding in Thailand caused a global shortage of computer hard drives.

供應(yīng)鏈
氣候變化將給我們?nèi)找婢o密聯(lián)系的世界帶來壓力，其影響可能會讓我們措手不及。例如，大約10年前，泰國的洪水導(dǎo)致全球電腦硬盤驅(qū)動器短缺。

Rising temperatures will put supply chains at risk for food, medicines, goods and services. The report says businesses must be told to make information available to the public on threats to their supply chains.

不斷上升的氣溫將使食品、藥品、商品和服務(wù)的供應(yīng)鏈面臨風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。該報(bào)告稱，必須告知企業(yè)向公眾提供有關(guān)其供應(yīng)鏈?zhǔn)艿酵{的信息。

The electrical grid
As the UK makes the transition to a low-carbon economy, we'll need more electricity for heating, lighting, and for our vehicles. So power cuts because of extreme weather will hurt the country more.

電網(wǎng)
隨著英國向低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型，我們將需要更多的電力用于取暖、照明和汽車。因此，極端天氣造成的停電對這個(gè)國家的傷害更大。

In one recent example, a lightning strike caused power cuts across England and stranded people on trains in August 2019.

在最近的一個(gè)例子中，2019年8月，一場雷擊導(dǎo)致英格蘭各地?cái)嚯?，人們被困在火車上?/b>

The committee says a heating climate will bring some opportunities for the UK - such as the ability to grow different crops, a longer growing season that will benefit farmers and fewer winter deaths from cold - but it says these are massively outweighed by the risks.

該委員會表示，不斷變暖的氣候?qū)橛鴰硪恍C(jī)遇，比如能夠種植不同的作物，更長的生長季節(jié)將有利于農(nóng)民，以及減少冬季因寒冷而死亡的人數(shù)。但該委員會表示，這些機(jī)遇遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

The committee's chief executive, Chris Stark, said CCC members were so frustrated with the lack of progress on climate-proofing the UK that they deliberately made this report "spiky".

該委員會的首席執(zhí)行官克里斯·斯塔克表示，氣候變化委員會成員對英國在應(yīng)對氣候變化方面缺乏進(jìn)展感到非常失望，以至于他們故意讓這份報(bào)告顯得“尖銳”。

He said: "It's really troubling how little attention the government has paid to this." He told BBC News: "The extent of planning for many of the risks is really shocking. We are not thinking clearly about what lies ahead."

他表示：“政府對這一問題的關(guān)注如此之少，實(shí)在令人不安?！彼麑BC新聞?wù)f：“為許多風(fēng)險(xiǎn)制定計(jì)劃的（低完善）程度真的令人震驚。我們沒有清楚地思考未來會發(fā)生什么?！?/b>

While the world could warm by an average of 4C by 2100, the report say the UK government's plans are inadequate to cope even with a 2C temperature rise.

報(bào)告稱，盡管到2100年全球平均氣溫可能上升4攝氏度，但英國政府的計(jì)劃甚至不足以應(yīng)對2攝氏度的氣溫上升。

Ministers must factor climate change more into policy-making, the committee says.

該委員會說，大臣們必須在決策中更多地考慮氣候變化因素。

The report notes that, over the last five years, more than 500,000 homes have been built to inadequate standards. These will now need to be adapted at considerable expense to cope with more severe heatwaves.

該報(bào)告指出，在過去5年里，超過50萬套住房的建造標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不達(dá)標(biāo)?，F(xiàn)在需要以相當(dāng)大的代價(jià)調(diào)整這些措施，以應(yīng)對更嚴(yán)重的熱浪。

The report foresees a potential "cascade" of problems from extreme weather, in which different risks combine.

該報(bào)告預(yù)測了極端天氣可能引發(fā)的一系列問題，在這些問題中，不同的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)結(jié)合在一起。

These might include heatwaves and floods leading to IT failures and problems with sewage, water, power and transport.

這可能包括導(dǎo)致IT故障的熱浪和洪水，以及污水、水、電力和交通問題。

Climate-proofing: What you can do

氣候防護(hù)：你能做什么

Kathryn Brown, head of adaptation at the CCC, has planted creepers to shade her walls. She recommends that home owners - especially in south-east England - should also fit window shutters to keep the sun off the glass.

氣候變化中心的適應(yīng)性主任凱瑟琳·布朗種植了攀緣植物來遮蔽她的墻壁。她建議房主——尤其是英格蘭東南部的房主——也應(yīng)該安裝百葉窗來遮擋陽光。

She also recommends people plant trees to help shade buildings, and avoid paving over gardens because the slabs can absorb heat.

她還建議人們植樹為建筑物遮陽，避免在花園上鋪路，因?yàn)槭鍟諢崃俊?/b>
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She insists the government must help ensure that people in flats are protected from heatwaves, by improving ventilation and shading. Developers could improve shading by building in architectural features that shield homes from the sun's rays.

她堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為政府必須通過改善通風(fēng)和遮陽來確保住在公寓里的人們免受熱浪侵襲。開發(fā)商可以通過在建筑中添加遮陽功能來改善遮陽效果。

Kathryn Brown says people can do more to prepare for floods by signing up to free flood warnings, and looking at options for flood protection, such as door guards.

凱瑟琳·布朗表示，人們可以通過簽署免費(fèi)的洪水預(yù)警，并尋找防洪選項(xiàng)，比如安裝門警裝置，來為防范洪水做更多準(zhǔn)備。

The document is based on a huge review of the scientific literature by 450 experts from 130 organisations.

該文件基于130個(gè)組織的450位專家對科學(xué)文獻(xiàn)的大量審閱。

One of the lead authors was Prof Dame Julia Slingo, former chief scientist at the UK Met Office in Exeter. She told BBC News: "Things are worse than we have anticipated."

研究報(bào)告的主要作者之一是前英國氣象局首席科學(xué)家朱莉婭·斯林戈教授。她告訴BBC新聞：“事情比我們預(yù)想的還要糟糕?！?/b>

Downpours that dump 20mm of water in an hour will become twice as frequent as previously projected. Winter extreme rainfall could be up to 40% more intense.
Surface water flooding will become a serious hazard as drains overflow during these rainstorms.

一小時(shí)內(nèi)傾瀉20毫米水的暴雨將是之前預(yù)測的兩倍。冬季極端降雨的強(qiáng)度可能會增加40%。在暴雨期間，下水道會溢出，地表水將會成為嚴(yán)重的危險(xiǎn)。

'I can't concentrate in my sweltering flat'
By Chris Wimpress - BBC News

“在悶熱的公寓里我無法集中注意力”
——克里斯·維普瑞思——BBC新聞

Most nights when I've come home from work this week, the temperature in my flat has been hovering around 30C. I've got ceiling fans in the living room, and in the bedroom I've got a desk fan and a cooling unit. Even so, sleeping at night this week has been difficult and I've been going to work tired and tetchy.

這周的大多數(shù)晚上，當(dāng)我下班回家時(shí)，我公寓的溫度一直徘徊在30攝氏度左右。客廳里有吊扇，臥室里有臺電扇和制冷裝置。即便如此，這周晚上睡覺還是很困難，我一直都是帶著疲憊和暴躁去上班。

Until a couple of years ago, my flat was mostly in shade owing to a large office block opposite. But that building was demolished and now, on sunny days, my west-facing flat is bathed in sunshine for up to eight hours each day.

直到幾年前，我的公寓都是在陰涼處，因?yàn)閷γ媸且蛔筠k公大樓。但那棟建筑已被拆除，現(xiàn)在，在陽光明媚的日子里，我那朝西的公寓每天都能沐浴在陽光下長達(dá)八小時(shí)。

Like a lot of people, I have worked from home quite a lot in the past year or so. There have been afternoons when I've sat on video calls dripping with sweat, struggling to concentrate and thinking I really ought to find somewhere else to live. So far, we've had about two weeks of hot weather in London this summer, and it's only the middle of June.

和很多人一樣，在過去的一年里，我有相當(dāng)多的時(shí)間在家工作。有那么幾個(gè)下午，我坐著接視頻電話，汗流浹背，難以集中精神，并認(rèn)為我真的應(yīng)該換個(gè)地方住。到目前為止，今年夏天倫敦已經(jīng)持續(xù)了大約兩周的炎熱天氣，而現(xiàn)在才6月中旬。

Co-author Prof Richard Betts, head of climate impacts research at the Met Office, told BBC News: "The main thing is that the risks of climate change to the UK are even higher than we appreciated five years ago."

合著者、英國氣象局氣候影響研究負(fù)責(zé)人理查德·貝茨教授告訴BBC新聞：“主要的問題在于，氣候變化對英國的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)甚至比我們五年前認(rèn)識到的還要高。”
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Unless global emissions are drastically cut, he says, the UK could experience temperatures highs of 40C every three-and-a-half years.

他說，除非全球排放量大幅減少，否則英國每三年半就會經(jīng)歷40攝氏度的高溫。

A government spokesman said action to adapt to climate change was "integrated" across different government departments.

一位政府發(fā)言人表示，適應(yīng)氣候變化的行動是由不同的政府部門“整合”的。

He added: "The UK was the first major world economy to set a target of net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Our plan to further reduce emissions in 2035 by at least 78% compared to 1990 levels is the highest reduction target by a major economy to date.

他補(bǔ)充說：“英國是世界上第一個(gè)設(shè)定到2050年溫室氣體凈零排放目標(biāo)的主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體。我們計(jì)劃到2035年在1990年的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步減少78%以上的排放，這是迄今為止主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體制定的最高減排目標(biāo)。

"We welcome this report and will consider its recommendations closely as we continue to demonstrate global leadership on climate change ahead of COP26 (the climate summit to be held in Glasgow) in November."

“我們歡迎這份報(bào)告，并將密切考慮其建議，因?yàn)槲覀儗⒃?1月格拉斯哥舉行的COP26（氣候峰會）之前繼續(xù)展示我們?nèi)蛟跉夂蜃兓矫娴念I(lǐng)導(dǎo)力。”