網(wǎng)友討論：為什么挪威不加入歐盟？

Benjamin Endré Larsen
There are, of course, several reasons for this. Some of the most important are:
We’re genuinely afraid of losing sovereign control over some natural resources with crucial value to our national economy: oil, fish and hydroelectric power.
Because of the importance of natural resources to Norway’s economy, it is often in Norway’s interest to have monetary policies that are opposed to those of EU’s core countries, which have economies that rely on industrial production to a greater extent. The EU’s handling of the financial crisis, with imposed austerity on peripheral economies, has given this argument increased weight.

這其中當(dāng)然有各種原因。最重要的幾個原因是：我們真的非常害怕對國家經(jīng)濟至關(guān)重要的一些自然資源失去主權(quán)控制：石油，漁業(yè)資源和水電資源。
由于自然資源對挪威的重要性，制定與歐盟核心國家相反的貨幣政策往往符合挪威的利益，而歐盟核心國家的經(jīng)濟主要依賴于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)。歐盟在處理金融危機時的方法和對外圍經(jīng)濟體采取的緊縮政策使得挪威更加不愿加入歐盟
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://nxnpts.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處

More recently, Norway’s compressed wage structure has been challenged in several branches of the economy, especially in the construction industry, by a significant influx of EU migrant workers. This has also led to a collapse in labour unx membership in these branches, and as unxs have a crucial role in the traditional Norwegian model, this is regarded as a very significant problem.

最近，隨著大量歐盟的移民工人的涌入，挪威好幾個經(jīng)濟領(lǐng)域本就被壓縮的工資結(jié)構(gòu)都受到了挑戰(zhàn)，尤其是在建筑業(yè)。這也導(dǎo)致這些領(lǐng)域的工會成員數(shù)量銳減，由于工會在傳統(tǒng)的挪威模式中起著至關(guān)重要的作用，因此這被認為是一個非常嚴(yán)重的問題。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://nxnpts.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處

The juxtaposition of peripheral political forces being seen as progressive and the challenge presented by free flow of labour makes the question of EU membership something of an anathema to the political left, although the largest centre-left party, The Labour Party, is nominally pro-EU. But Labour can’t govern without the support of other leftist parties, who will condition their support to a Labour-led government on taking an EU application off the table. A somewhat similar situation exists on the right, with crucial supporting parties ruling out EU membership, although the largest party on the right is pro-EU.
After the financial crisis, the proportion of Norwegians having a positive opinion of EU membership has been so low that the question has been of no interest to political parties aiming to hold power.

挪威工黨是中間偏左翼的最大政黨，名義上是親歐盟的，但隨著人們對外圍政治勢力觀感的改善以及勞動力自由流動帶來的挑戰(zhàn)，使得歐盟成員國的身份問題成為了工黨的不利因素。如果沒有其他左翼政黨的支持，工黨就無法執(zhí)政，而這些左翼政黨支持工黨的條件就是要求工黨放棄申請歐盟成員國的身份。同樣的問題存在于右翼政黨之間，能對工黨提供關(guān)鍵支持的右翼政黨也都要求放棄申請歐盟成員國身份，雖然挪威最大的右翼政黨是親歐盟的
金融危機之后，挪威人對歐盟成員國地位持正面看法的比例一直很低，以至于那些想要掌權(quán)的政黨對這個問題都不感興趣。

Emil Anker
I have been a member of a pro EU organization for years.
Most people I have talked to about joining the EU, have had many misconceptions. When there was going to be a referendum, people just made up the strangest reasons to be against joining.
So for years people have been saying that Norway would be exploited by the other EU states, and that all the resources would just be sized by the EU. And other baseless arguments. There are very few informed opinions.
Then you have the people who wants to wait with joining EU until after the economic downturn, and the refugee crises. The EU movement in Norway has had a serious drop in members and activities. There is little point in trying to join at this point, because support for EU is at an extreme low.

多年來我對歐盟都是持支持的態(tài)度
我交談過的大部分人對加入歐盟這個問題都有很多的誤解。當(dāng)要進行公投時，人們會編造一些最奇怪的理由拒絕加入。所以多年來人們一直在說挪威會被其他歐盟國家利用，所有的資源都將由歐盟來分配。還有一些論點毫無根據(jù)，有用的見解非常的少。

Then you have the people who wants to wait with joining EU until after the economic downturn, and the refugee crises. The EU movement in Norway has had a serious drop in members and activities. There is little point in trying to join at this point, because support for EU is at an extreme low.
Amongst politicians, the majority are in favor. Especially in the Labor Party and in the Conservative Party. It would have been possible to have Norway join through a Parliament decision, but because of the referendums the Parliament cannot.

還有一些人想等到經(jīng)濟衰退和難民危機結(jié)束之后再加入歐盟。挪威加入歐盟運動的人數(shù)和活動都在下降。目前，試圖加入歐盟沒有什么意義，因為歐盟的支持率極低
大多數(shù)政客是贊成加入歐盟的。特別是在工黨和保守黨。本來挪威可以通過議會決議的方式加入歐盟，但由于公投，這條路也走不通了

Having the referendums in the first place was a mistake, as like with Brexit, people have no idea what they are voting on. The pro EU movement does not want another referendum, because it is speculated that it would make the decision final, so that Norway can never join.

公投從一開始就是一個錯誤，就像脫歐一樣，人們不知道他們在投什么。親歐盟運動不希望再次舉行公投，因為據(jù)推測，公投將決定最終結(jié)果，這樣挪威就永遠無法加入歐盟。

On the Conservative side, many people are afraid of the numbers of Socialists in the EU Parliament. On the Left, they are worried about the numbers of Right-wing politicians in the EU Parliament. And both sides are afraid that they will be forced to introduce laws and regulations which are against the parties interests. There are jokes in political circles that Norway is the only real member of the EU, because she is the only country which has to follow all its laws and regulations. She also has to pay more than if she was a member, and has no vote.

挪威保守黨中許多人擔(dān)心歐盟議會中社會主義政黨的人數(shù)，左翼政黨擔(dān)心歐盟議會中右翼政黨的人數(shù)，而挪威的左翼和右翼都擔(dān)心加入歐盟后會被迫引入有違本黨利益的法律法規(guī)。政治圈里有個笑話說挪威是唯一真正的歐盟成員國，因為挪威是唯一一個必須遵守歐盟所有法律法規(guī)的國家，而且挪威向歐盟交的錢比真正的成員國還要多，但卻沒有投票權(quán)

Per
In 1994, I was one of the Norwegians who voted against joining. I don’t regret it and would do it again. My reasoning was, then and now, that imposing another layer of bureaucracy on top of the ones Norway already has would create more problems than it would solve.
One reason people trust government in Norway is it’s small enough that you can literally run into your elected representatives in the street. It’s relatively transparent. Set a clay-footed giant like the EU parliament atop that, and you lose the transparency and smallness.

1994年，挪威公投決定是否加入歐盟，我就是投的反對票。但我不后悔，如果再來一次，我還是一樣會這么做，我的理由是不管是當(dāng)時還是現(xiàn)在，在原有的挪威官僚機構(gòu)之上在加一個官僚機構(gòu)，會造成更多的問題。
人們信任挪威政府的原因是挪威很小，走在大街上你就能遇到自己選出來的代表。而且挪威政府透明。如果在挪威議會之上在加一個歐盟議會那樣的泥足巨人，那么挪威政府的透明度和小政府的模式就會蕩然無存。

I see it here in the U.S.: You have so many layers of government people don’t feel they have much influence on it at all. There are municipal, county, state, and federal levels to everything, and with each level you have less influence, less insight, less trust.

我在美國看到的情況是這樣的：美國有很多的政府部門，人們感受不到自己對政府的影響力。每件事都要經(jīng)過市，縣，州，聯(lián)邦政府的層面，每上升一個層面，你的影響力，你的了解程度，你對政府的信任感就會下降一層。

Sean Young
Money.
Norway with a small population has been blessed by an accident of nature to have abundant energy resources.
If Norway joined the EU, the redistribution funding mechanism would mean that Norway’s resources would be shared with EU countries.
Norwegians have determined that they wish to keep their cake since they would not benefit substantially from EU membership.

這和金錢有關(guān)。
挪威人口很少，但卻有很多的自然資源
如果挪威加入歐盟，在再分配資助機制之下，挪威的資源就要和歐盟國家一起分享
挪威人決定保留自己的這塊蛋糕，因為他們不會從歐盟成員國身份中獲得太多的好處。

There are few privileges of EU membership that Norway doesn’t already enjoy by reason of Norway’s membership of the EES (former EFTA) e.g. Norwegians are afforded free flow of people
Since energy-related or -dependent industries represent 70%+ of Norway’s economy, the EU regulations on goods and services don’t have much relative importance to Norway.

由于挪威是歐洲經(jīng)濟區(qū)(前身是歐洲自由貿(mào)易聯(lián)盟)成員，所以只有歐盟成員國的極少數(shù)幾項特權(quán)是挪威無法享有的，比如，挪威人可以自由進出歐盟國家。
挪威經(jīng)濟的70%以上與能源相關(guān)或依賴能源，歐盟關(guān)于商品和服務(wù)的法規(guī)對挪威來說并沒有太大的相對重要性。