網(wǎng)友討論：世界上最悠久的城市有哪些？
What is the oldest city in the world?
譯文簡(jiǎn)介
網(wǎng)友：普羅夫迪夫最初是色雷斯人的聚居地，希臘人稱其為菲利波利斯，羅馬統(tǒng)治時(shí)期是羅馬的的主要城市。
正文翻譯
世界上最悠久的城市有哪些？敘利亞大馬士革、敘利亞的阿勒頗、希臘雅典、保加利亞，普羅夫迪夫。。。。
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Damascus, Syria
Damascus is widely believed to be the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world, with evidence of habitation dating back at least 11,000 years. Its location and persistence have made the city a nexus for civilizations come and gone. Today its metropolitan area is home to about 2.5 million people, and in 2008 it was named the Arab Capital of Culture.
敘利亞大馬士革
大馬士革被廣泛認(rèn)為是世界上最古老并持續(xù)有人居住的城市，有證據(jù)表明，至少可以追溯到11000年前。大馬士革的地理位置和堅(jiān)韌的精神使它成為過(guò)往文明的樞紐。如今，大馬士革大都市區(qū)有大約250萬(wàn)人口，2008年，它得到阿拉伯文化之都的稱號(hào)
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Evidence of habitation at Aleppo dates back about 8,000 years, but excavations at a site 15 miles north of the city show the area was inhabited about 13,000 years ago. That suggests Aleppo and its surrounding region comprise the oldest continuous human settlement on Earth. The city is first mentioned in cuneiform tablets from roughly 5,000 years ago, which cite its commercial and military proficiency. Due to its location between the Mediterranean Sea and Mesopotamia — and at the end of the Silk Road, which passed through central Asia and Mesopotamia — Aleppo was at the center of the ancient world. It has remained Syria's most populous city in modern times, although that may have changed amid the ongoing Syrian Civil War.。
敘利亞的阿勒頗
阿勒頗有人居住的證據(jù)可以追溯到大約8000年前，但在該市以北15英里處的一處挖掘出的遺址表明，大約在1.3萬(wàn)年前就有人在這生活了。這表明阿勒頗及其周邊地區(qū)是地球上最古老的人類居住地。大約5000年前，楔形文字碑上首次提到了這座城市，碑上還記載著它的商業(yè)和軍事實(shí)力。阿勒頗位于地中海和美索不達(dá)米亞之間，也是絲綢之路的終點(diǎn)，絲綢之路途經(jīng)中亞和美索不達(dá)米亞，阿勒頗因此成為了古代世界的中心。在現(xiàn)代，它仍然是敘利亞人口最多的城市，不過(guò)持續(xù)的敘利亞內(nèi)戰(zhàn)或許改變了這一點(diǎn)。
自2012年以來(lái)，阿勒頗一直飽受戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)摧殘，政府軍和叛軍之間的戰(zhàn)斗導(dǎo)致數(shù)千人死亡，更多人流離失所。2016年底，敘利亞軍隊(duì)宣布重新奪回阿勒頗，但長(zhǎng)達(dá)數(shù)年的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)——現(xiàn)代史上歷時(shí)最長(zhǎng)的圍困戰(zhàn)之一——給阿勒頗老城造成了災(zāi)難性的破壞。
The ancient home of philosophy and the birthplace of Western civilization, Athens boasts a history of habitation that goes back long before the days of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. The city has been continuously inhabited for at least 7,000 years. The oldest known human presence in Athens has been dated to between the 11th and 7th millennium B.C. Today it remains a sprawling metropolis, and its Acropolis still stands, overlooking the landscape.
希臘雅典
作為古老的哲學(xué)之鄉(xiāng)和西方文明的發(fā)祥地，雅典的人居歷史可以追溯到蘇格拉底、柏拉圖和亞里士多德時(shí)代。這座城市至少有7000年的歷史了。雅典已知最古老的人類活動(dòng)可以追溯到公元前11至公元前7世紀(jì)。今天，它仍然是一座龐大的大都市，它的衛(wèi)城聳立四周，俯瞰著周圍的風(fēng)景。
An urban settlement for about the last 7,000 years, Argos is in competition with Athens to be the oldest city in Europe. The city has long been powerful — its commanding position in the fertile plain of Argolis has earned it a powerful position, though it has a history of neutrality. For instance, the city refused to fight or send supplies during the Greco-Persian Wars. Perhaps that's part of the reason the city has withstood the test of time.
希臘阿哥斯
阿爾戈斯在過(guò)去的7000年里一直是城市定居地，如今它正在與雅典角逐誰(shuí)才是歐洲最古老的城市這個(gè)稱號(hào)。這座城市一直以來(lái)都很強(qiáng)大，它位于肥沃的阿爾戈利斯平原的制高點(diǎn)上，居高臨下的有利地形讓它獲得了強(qiáng)大的力良，雖然它在歷史上一直保持中立姿態(tài)。例如，在希臘-波斯戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間，該城拒絕參戰(zhàn)或運(yùn)送物資。也許這就是這座城市能夠經(jīng)受住時(shí)間考驗(yàn)的部分原因。
Plovdiv was originally a Thracian settlement known as Philippopolis to the Greeks, and was a major city for the Romans. It was also ruled by the Ottomans for a time. The beautiful city has a rich history dating back millennia, according to the Telegraph. Evidence of habitation dates back 6,000 years. Today it remains the second largest city in Bulgaria, and an important economic, cultural and educational center.
保加利亞，普羅夫迪夫
普羅夫迪夫最初是色雷斯人的聚居地，希臘人稱其為菲利波利斯，羅馬統(tǒng)治時(shí)期是羅馬的的主要城市。它也曾被奧斯曼人統(tǒng)治過(guò)一段時(shí)間。據(jù)《每日電訊報(bào)》報(bào)道，這座美麗的城市有著數(shù)千年的悠久歷史。有人居住過(guò)的證據(jù)可以追溯到6000年前。今天，它仍然是保加利亞的第二大城市，也是其重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化和教育中心。
Though there's evidence of settlement as far back as 7,000 years ago, Byblos has been a continuous city for about 5,000 years. According to the ancient writer Philo of Byblos, the city had a reputation in antiquity of being the oldest city in the world. Interestingly, the English word for "Bible" is derived from "Byblos," because it was through Byblos that papyrus was imported to Greece.
比布魯斯有5000年的建城史，但有證據(jù)表明7000年以前就有人類在此定居了。比布魯斯的古代作家斐洛說(shuō)這座城市自古以來(lái)就有世界最古老的城市的美譽(yù)。有趣的是，英語(yǔ)中圣經(jīng)"Bible"一詞就來(lái)源于比布魯斯"Byblos"，因?yàn)樯菁堈峭ㄟ^(guò)比布魯斯傳入希臘的。
Inhabited for at least the last 6,000 years, Sidon was one of the most important Phoenician cities because of its location as a crucial port on the Mediterranean. This locale also led to the city being conquered by a revolving door of the world's great empires, including the Assyrians, Babylonians, Egyptians, Greeks, Romans and Ottomans. Today about 200,000 people call Sidon home.
黎巴嫩，西頓
西頓至少有6000年的建城史，它是地中海上的一個(gè)重要港口，是腓尼基最重要的城市之一。這一重要的地理位置使它先后被世界各大帝國(guó)輪流征服，包括亞述，古巴比倫，希臘，羅馬，奧斯曼。現(xiàn)在西頓的人口大約有20萬(wàn)。
Located within the Greater Tehran metropolitan area, Rayy (or Rey), Iran, has evidence of habitation dating back 8,000 years, though it has likely been continuously occupied for about 5,000 or 6,000 years. The city retains a wealth of historical monuments, such as the 5,000-year-old Cheshmeh Ali hill and the 3,000-year-old Gebri castle. It was a deeply sacred city to the Zoroastrians.
伊朗雷伊
雷伊的建城史大約有5000年至6000年之間，位于大德黑蘭都市區(qū)之內(nèi)，但有證據(jù)表明其有人居住的歷史可以追溯至8000年前。這座城市有很多歷史遺跡，比如有5000年歷史的阿里山丘和3000年歷史的蓋布里城堡。對(duì)瑣羅亞斯德教徒來(lái)說(shuō)，這是一座非常神圣的城市。
Jerusalem is one of several cities that arose between 4,000 and 5,000 years ago in the thriving Levant region, but it holds a unique place in history as the nexus of three major religions: Judaism, Christianity and Islam. The city is home to a wealth of spiritual and religious sites — and a long history of strife. It has suffered at least 118 separate conflicts in the past four millennia, historian Eric H. Cline writes in "Jerusalem Besieged," noting it has been "destroyed at least twice, besieged 23 times, attacked an additional 52 times, and captured and recaptured 44 times."
耶路撒冷
在4000到5000年之前在繁榮的黎凡特地區(qū)興起了包括耶路撒冷在內(nèi)的幾座城市。這座城市在歷史上有著特殊地位，因?yàn)樗c三大宗教都有關(guān)系：猶太教，基督教，伊斯蘭教。這座城市有很多宗教遺跡，歷史上長(zhǎng)期陷入沖突。歷史學(xué)家埃里克·h·克萊恩在《被圍困的耶路撒冷》一書中寫道，在過(guò)去的4000年里，耶路撒冷至少經(jīng)歷了118次獨(dú)立沖突。他指出，耶路撒冷“至少被摧毀兩次，被圍困23次，被攻擊52次，被占領(lǐng)和重新占領(lǐng)44次?！?/b>
耶路撒冷老城是聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織承認(rèn)的世界遺產(chǎn)，但由于面臨旅游業(yè)，維護(hù)不善，城市發(fā)展和政治動(dòng)蕩的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)這座老城如今正處于危險(xiǎn)之中。以色列和巴勒斯坦當(dāng)局都聲稱耶路撒冷是他們的首都，這一沖突也被稱為巴以沖突問(wèn)題中最棘手的問(wèn)題之一。
A number of ancient cities were first being built around 4,000 years ago in the Mideast and Europe, but Luoyang stands out from that time period as the oldest continuously inhabited city in Asia. Located on China's central plain, Luoyang is the oldest city in the country and one of the Seven Great Ancient Capitals of China. It has been in habitation since Neolithic times, with a continuous habitation for at least 4,000 years. Located at the intersection of the Luo and Yi rivers, the city was considered to be the geographical center of ancient China.
中國(guó)洛陽(yáng)
在中東和歐洲，有許多古老的城市大約在4000年前就開始建造了，但洛陽(yáng)作為最古老并一直有人居住的亞洲城市從中脫穎而出。洛陽(yáng)位于中國(guó)的中原地區(qū)，是中國(guó)最古老的城市，并且還是中國(guó)的七大古都之一。自新石器時(shí)代以來(lái)，它就一直有人居住，并連續(xù)持續(xù)了至少4000年。這座城市位于羅江和伊河的交匯處，是古代中國(guó)的地理中心。
Varanasi is the oldest city in India and is the holiest city in the world for Hindus.
According to Hindu legend, Varanasi is more than 5,000 years old and is considered the oldest city in the world, though evidence of habitation only goes back about 3,000 years, according to the BBC. This more modest date indicates Varanasi is among many ancient cities to appear around the first millennium B.C., and it is still the oldest city in India and is considered the holiest city in the world to Hindus. Its location on the banks of the sacred Ganges River also contributes to its prestige as an important site of pilgrimage.
印度，瓦拉納西
瓦拉納西是印度最古老的城市，也是印度教徒眼中世界上最神圣的城市。根據(jù)印度傳說(shuō)，瓦拉納西有5000多年的歷史，被認(rèn)為是世界上最古老的城市，但據(jù)BBC報(bào)道，該城有人居住的歷史證據(jù)只能追溯到大約3000年前。這一數(shù)據(jù)表明瓦拉納西大約是公元前1000年出現(xiàn)的眾多古城中的一個(gè)。但它依然是印度最古老的城市，并且對(duì)于印度教徒來(lái)說(shuō)也是世界上最神圣的城市。它位于神圣的恒河岸邊，提高了它重要朝圣地的聲望。