Big rise in redundancies among young people

年輕人失業(yè)人數(shù)大幅增加


(The number of people out of work in the UK has continued to rise, with those aged 25 to 34 facing the biggest risk of losing their jobs.)

（英國的失業(yè)人數(shù)持續(xù)上升，年齡在25歲至34歲之間的人群面臨著最大的失業(yè)風(fēng)險。）
新聞：

In the three months to November, people aged 25 to 34 had a redundancy rate of 16.2 per 1,000, a fivefold increase on the same period a year earlier.

在截至11月的三個月里，年齡在25歲至34歲之間的人的無業(yè)率為每千人16.2人，比去年同期增長了5倍。

Unemployment rose to 5% from 4.9% as Covid continued to hit the jobs market.

由于新冠肺炎繼續(xù)沖擊就業(yè)市場，失業(yè)率從4.9%升至5%。

Some 1.72 million were jobless, the Office for National Statistics said, the highest level in five years.

英國國家統(tǒng)計局稱，約172萬人失業(yè)，為五年來最高水平。

That was 418,000 more than in the same period the previous year, the biggest increase since late 2009.

這比去年同期增加了41.8萬人，是自2009年末以來的最大增幅。

What does redundancy feel like?

無業(yè)是什么感覺？

Abigail Ward, 27, freely admits that she was "a bit naive" when she began her latest job hunt after being made redundant as a store manager at J Crew in London last September.

27歲的阿比蓋爾·沃德坦率地承認(rèn)現(xiàn)在開始找工作時，她“有點天真”——去年9月，她在倫敦的J Crew作為商店經(jīng)理被裁員。

Having spent the past five years since graduating in retail management, she has a passion for bricks-and-mortar retail and "the value of face-to-face customer interactions" - and it's an area she wants to stay in.

從零售管理專業(yè)畢業(yè)后，她花了5年時間，對實體零售和“面對面客戶互動的價值”充滿了熱情——這是她想從事的領(lǐng)域。

"I knew it would be hard, but I've been in this position before," she told the BBC.

她告訴BBC：“我知道這會很艱難，但我以前也遇到過這種情況?！?/b>

"Back then, it only took me three or four weeks to find a role and maybe 10 job applications, so it all happened quite seamlessly, whereas this time around, it's definitely been a lot more difficult.

“那時候，我只花了三四個星期就找到了一份工作，當(dāng)時大概申請了10份工作，所以一切都很順利，而這一次，肯定要困難得多。

"I've probably sent off around 30 to 40 job applications in the last six months, the majority of which just go into the abyss. You never hear a word."

“在過去的六個月里，我可能已經(jīng)發(fā)出了大約30到40份求職申請，其中大部分都石沉大海了。你從來沒聽到過任何回應(yīng)?！?/b>

However, Abigail has managed to get to the final interview stage for a job - "with me and just one other candidate" - on four separate occasions.

然而，阿比蓋爾已經(jīng)在四個不同的場合成功地進(jìn)入了工作面試的最后階段——“有我，并且只有另一個（競爭對手）求職者”。

"Unfortunately, I've missed out on each of those occasions," she says.

“不幸的是，我錯過了每一次這樣的機(jī)會，”她說。

"There are so many hundreds of applications and it's so competitive," she adds. "It's definitely been a big challenge."

她補充道：“有成百上千的申請，競爭非常激烈。這絕對是一個巨大的挑戰(zhàn)?！?/b>

Which sectors are worst affected by unemployment?

哪些行業(yè)受失業(yè)影響最嚴(yán)重？

The hospitality industry was worst hit by the rise in joblessness, followed by manufacturing.

酒店業(yè)受失業(yè)率上升影響最大，其次是制造業(yè)。

In both sectors, the number of people unemployed was up by more than 50,000 on the previous year.

在這兩個部門，失業(yè)人數(shù)比去年增加了5萬多人。

Across all age groups, redundancies rose to a record high of 14.2 per 1,000 people.

在所有年齡段，裁員人數(shù)上升至14.2 / 1000，創(chuàng)歷史新高。

However, job vacancies also rose, with 81,000 new openings reported in the three months.

不過，職位空缺也有所增加，3個月新增崗位8.1萬個。

Is there any precedent for this?

以前出現(xiàn)過這種情況嗎？

ONS deputy chief executive Sam Beckett told the BBC that the UK had not seen such rises in unemployment since the global financial crisis.

英國國家統(tǒng)計局副局長薩姆·貝克特告訴BBC，自全球金融危機(jī)以來，英國還沒有見過如此高的失業(yè)率。

"Payroll numbers show the number of workers on payroll have fallen by over 828,000 since the pandemic began," she added.

她補充說：“就業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，自疫情開始以來，就業(yè)人數(shù)已經(jīng)減少了82.8萬多人?！?/b>

Employment was still at "relatively high levels" compared with other countries, Ms Beckett said, but workers aged 16 to 24 were suffering some of the biggest falls in employment.

貝克特表示，與其它國家相比，英國的就業(yè)率仍處于“相對較高的水平”，但16至24歲工人的就業(yè)率降幅最大。

However, she added: "We've currently got over 4.5 million people on the furlough scheme, so that does complicate the picture when you're trying to interpret what's going on in the labour market."

然而，她補充說：“我們目前有超過450萬人在履行（抗疫）休假計劃，所以當(dāng)你試圖解讀勞動力市場上發(fā)生的事情時，這確實使情況變得復(fù)雜?！?/b>
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What does this mean for the economy?

這對經(jīng)濟(jì)意味著什么？

While the main rate of unemployment has reached 5% for the first time in nearly five years, and this morning's numbers saw the largest increase in the numbers unemployed since the financial crisis, the chancellor must now be tempted to extend the furlough scheme to co-ordinate with the rollout of the post-vaccination reopening of the economy.

在主要失業(yè)率近五年來首次達(dá)到5%，并且今天早上的數(shù)據(jù)顯示了自金融危機(jī)以來最大的失業(yè)人數(shù)增長的同時，財政大臣現(xiàn)在肯定忍不住要延長休假計劃，以配合接種疫苗后重新開放經(jīng)濟(jì)的計劃。。

There are some bad numbers in this release, as would be expected from the pandemic restrictions, but they were expected to be a little worse. In the quarter to November, there were 418,000 extra unemployed over the same period in 2019 - the sharpest annual rise since the 2009 financial crisis.

正如大流行限制措施所預(yù)期的那樣，這次發(fā)布的數(shù)據(jù)有些糟糕，但預(yù)期會更糟一些。在截至11月的季度，2019年同期失業(yè)人數(shù)增加了41.8萬人，這是自2009年金融危機(jī)以來的最大年度增幅。

The rate of redundancies reached a record of 14 per 1,000 people. Loss of jobs was concentrated in sectors such as retail and hospitality, most affected by social restrictions, which were reintroduced at the end of the period. Young people also faced the sharpest drops in employment. The jobs numbers are yet to reflect the current return to national lockdowns.

裁員率達(dá)到了創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的每千人14人。失業(yè)主要集中在零售和酒店等部門，這些部門受社會限制的影響最大，這些崗位會在限制期結(jié)束后重新開放。年輕人的就業(yè)率也面臨著最大的下降。就業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)還沒有反映出目前全國重新進(jìn)入封鎖狀態(tài)的情況。

Though a significant rise over the past few pandemic-afflicted months, unemployment at 5% is still low by international standards and is being kept in check by the government's job retention furlough scheme. The current plan is to end the costly scheme in April, which economists expect would see a sharp jump in jobless figures to 6% or 7%.

盡管在過去的幾個月里失業(yè)率大幅上升，但5%的失業(yè)率以國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)衡量仍然很低，而且政府的留職休假計劃控制了失業(yè)率。目前的計劃是在4月份結(jié)束這項耗資巨大的計劃，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家預(yù)計失業(yè)率將大幅上升到6%或7%。
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But as the government continues to communicate caution about how fast restrictions on the economy will be lifted, business groups are adamant that the scheme needs to be extended into the early summer, or at least lixed to the success of the vaccination programme.

但是，隨著政府繼續(xù)就解除經(jīng)濟(jì)限制的速度保持謹(jǐn)慎，商業(yè)團(tuán)體堅定地認(rèn)為，該計劃需要延長到初夏，或者至少與疫苗接種計劃的成功掛鉤。

What is the government saying?

政府怎么說？

"This crisis has gone on far longer than any of us hoped - and every job lost as a result is a tragedy," said Chancellor Rishi Sunak.

財政大臣里?！ぬK納克說：“這場危機(jī)持續(xù)的時間比我們所有人希望的要長得多，因此失去的每一個工作崗位都是一場悲劇?！?/b>

"Whilst the NHS is working hard to protect people with the vaccine, we're throwing everything we've got at supporting businesses, individuals and families.

“雖然國家醫(yī)療體系正在努力保護(hù)接種疫苗的人，但我們正在盡一切努力支持企業(yè)、個人和家庭。

"Our Plan for Jobs includes grants and loans so that firms can keep employees on, the furlough scheme to help protect jobs, and programmes like Kickstart alongside record investment in skills so that people can find their first job, their next job or a new job if needed," Mr Sunak added.

“我們的就業(yè)計劃包括撥款和貸款，這樣公司才能留住員工，幫助保護(hù)工作崗位的休假計劃，以及像Kickstart這樣的項目（譯注：政府為年輕人發(fā)6個月的工資），以及創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的技能投資，讓人們能夠找到第一份工作、下一份工作，或者如果有必要的話，一份新工作，” 蘇納克補充道。

What happens next?

接下來會發(fā)生什么？

With no end in sight to the current lockdown measures, many firms fear that they may not be able to survive the pandemic, with pubs and restaurants bearing the brunt of the restrictions.

由于目前的封鎖措施看不到盡頭，許多公司擔(dān)心它們可能無法在大流行中生存下來，而酒吧和餐館首當(dāng)其沖受到限制措施的影響。

"The pandemic continues to rip through the labour market," said Tej Parikh, chief economist at the Institute of Directors.

董事學(xué)會首席經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家泰吉·帕里克表示：“大流行會繼續(xù)沖擊勞動力市場。”

"A return to tighter restrictions late last year will have stretched businesses' ability to retain staff. Meanwhile, the furlough scheme will have provided an invaluable cushion for many firms, preventing unemployment from edging up even further."

“去年底恢復(fù)更嚴(yán)格的限制的做法，將使企業(yè)留住員工的能力吃緊。與此同時，休假計劃將為許多公司提供寶貴的緩沖，防止失業(yè)率進(jìn)一步攀升?！?/b>

It is "crucial" for the chancellor to extend the furlough scheme and other Covid-19 economic support beyond the spring, he said.

他說，在春季之后延長休假計劃和其他新冠肺炎經(jīng)濟(jì)支持應(yīng)該成為財政大臣“至關(guān)重要”的措施。

"The forthcoming Budget is a vital moment to help firms retain, retrain and rehire workers as the vaccine rolls out. In particular, the government should provide a relief for employers' National Insurance contributions and support reskilling opportunities to shore up the recovery."

“隨著疫苗的推出，即將出臺的預(yù)算是幫助企業(yè)留住、再培訓(xùn)和重新雇傭工人的‘關(guān)鍵時刻’。特別是，政府應(yīng)該要減輕雇主的國民保險繳款，并支持再就業(yè)機(jī)會，以支撐經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇?！?br />