什么是《公民身份修正法案》，為什么會引發(fā)抗議？
What is Citizenship Amendment Act and why it has triggered protests
譯文簡介
幾乎一邊倒的評論讓我有點恍惚，后來一想，原來某些地區(qū)斷網(wǎng)了呀。
正文翻譯
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.ltaaa.com 翻譯：后羿A射日 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處
NEW DELHI: Protests over the contentious Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) spread across the country on Monday with students, some sections of the civil society and opposition political parties holding demonstrations at several places urging the Centre to revoke the Act. Here is all you need to now:
新德里消息：周一，抗議備受爭議的《公民身份修正法案》活動在全國蔓延，學(xué)生、民間團體的一些部門和反對黨派在多個地方舉行示威，敦促中央政府撤銷該法案。下面是一些你需要知道的信息:
What is the Citizenship (Amendment) Act?
什么是《公民身份（修正）法案》?
The bill that is now an Act makes it easier for the non-Muslim immigrants from India''s neighbours - Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan - to become citizens of India. Though the Bill doesn''t spell it out clearly, but the fact that it entitles Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis, and Christians facing religious persecution in the three nations, to seek Indian citizenship, highlights the exclusion of Muslims.
議案現(xiàn)在已成為了法案。有了該法案，來自印度鄰國：巴基斯坦、孟加拉國和阿富汗的非穆斯林移民成為印度公民就更方便了。議案給這三個國家面臨宗教迫害的印度教徒、錫克教徒、佛教徒、耆那教徒、帕西教徒和基督徒尋求印度公民身份的權(quán)利，雖然沒有明確規(guī)定，但議案明確將穆斯林排除在外。
The Act says the refugees of the six communities will be given Indian citizenship after residing in India for five years, instead of 11 years earlier.
根據(jù)該法案，來自這六個宗教團體的難民在印度居住滿5年可以獲得印度公民身份，而之前獲得印度公民身份則需要11年時間。
Protests across the country
全國各地的抗議活動
Ruling CPI(M)-led LDF and opposition Congress headed UDF in Kerala held a joint protest against the amended Citizenship act with chief minister Pinarayi Vijayan slamming the move as an attempt to "curb freedom".
在喀拉拉邦，印共(馬)為主的左翼聯(lián)盟和反對黨國大黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的統(tǒng)一民主聯(lián)盟舉行聯(lián)合抗議，反對修改后的公民身份法案，首席部長皮納拉伊·維賈揚抨擊此舉企圖“限制自由”。
Who will benefit from the law?
誰將從中受益?
The Citizenship (Amendment) Act grants citizenship to Hindus, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhist, Jains and Parsis - from Afghanistan, Pakistan and Bangladesh who had arrived in India before December 31, 2014. The legislation applies to those who were “forced or compelled to seek shelter in India due to persecution on the ground of religion”. It aims to protect such people from proceedings of illegal migration from the neighbouring countries.
《公民身份(修正)法案》給予2014年12月31日前從阿富汗、巴基斯坦和孟加拉國抵達(dá)印度的印度教徒、基督徒、錫克教徒、佛教徒、耆那教徒和帕西人印度公民身份。該法適用于那些“因宗教迫害而被強制或強迫在印度尋求庇護的人”。目的是保護這些人免受鄰國的非法移民訴訟。
The requirement to stay in India for those belonging to any of these 6 religion for at least 11 years before applying for Indian citizenship has been reduced to five years.
Indian citizenship, under present law, is given either to those born in India or if they have resided in the country for a minimum of 11 years.
來自這六種宗教團體的人，之前如果想申請印度國籍，必須要在印度停留至少11年，新法案將停留時間降到了5年。
根據(jù)現(xiàn)行法律，印度公民可以是在印度出生的人，也可以是在印度居住滿11年及以上的人。
Why the protests?
為什么會有抗議?
There are two distinct rallying points of protests against the Act. In the northeast, the protest is against the Act''s implementation in their areas. Most of them fear that if implemented, the Act will cause a rush of immigrants that may alter their demographic and linguistic and cultural uniqueness.
反對該法案的抗議活動有兩個明顯的集結(jié)點。東北地區(qū)反對該法案在當(dāng)?shù)貙嵤|北地區(qū)大多數(shù)人擔(dān)心，如果該法案得以實施，則會給當(dāng)?shù)貛硪泼癯?，而這可能會改變當(dāng)?shù)氐娜丝诮Y(jié)構(gòu)，以及語言和文化的獨特性。
In the rest of India, like in Kerala, West Bengal and in Delhi, people are protesting against the exclusion of Muslims, alleging it to be against the ethos of the Constitution.
印度的其他地方，比如喀拉拉邦、西孟加拉邦和德里，人們抗議法案排斥穆斯林，聲稱這違反了憲法精神。
The exclusions
例外
The Citizenship (Amendment) Act does not apply to tribal areas of Tripura, Mizoram, Assam and Meghalaya because of being included in the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution. Also areas that fall under the Inner Limit notified under the Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation, 1873, will also be outside the Act''s purview. This keeps almost entire Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur and Nagaland out of the ambit of the Act.
《公民身份(修正)法案》不適用于特里普拉、米佐拉姆、阿薩姆和梅加拉亞邦的部落地區(qū)，因為這些地區(qū)被列入《憲法》的第6個附件。此外，根據(jù)1873年制定《孟加拉東部邊境章程》，屬于內(nèi)部限制的地區(qū)也不在該法的范圍之內(nèi)。這樣的話幾乎整個阿魯納恰爾邦、米佐拉姆邦、曼尼普爾邦和那加蘭邦被排除在法案執(zhí)行范圍之外。
NRC lix to the controversial Act
與爭議法案有關(guān)的國民登記制度
Government''s stand on CAA
政府對《公民身份修正法案》的立場
The Centre has rejected the suggestions that the bill is anti-Muslim. Home minister Amit Shah has said the measure has the endorsement of 130 crore citizens of the country as it was the part of the BJP manifesto in 2014 as well as 2019 Lok Sabha elections.
中央政府否認(rèn)了該法案反穆斯林的說法。印度內(nèi)政部長阿米特·沙阿表示，這項措施得到了印度1.3億公民的支持，這是2014年印度人民黨宣言的一部分，也是2019年下議院選舉的一部分。
The Act does not discriminate against anyone and does not snatch anyone''s rights, Shah said. The home minister said under the Act, citizenship will be granted to refugees coming from the three countries after facing religious persecution there even without documents, including ration cards.
This bill is not even .001 per cent against Muslims. It is against infiltrators, the home minister has reiterated.
該法案沒有歧視任何人，沒有剝奪任何人的權(quán)利，內(nèi)政部長表示，根據(jù)該法案，來自這三個國家面臨宗教迫害的難民，即使沒有包括配給卡在內(nèi)的文件，也可以獲得印度公民身份。
該項提案對穆斯林的反對率甚至不到0.01%。內(nèi)政部長重申，該項法案主要針對滲透者的。
Bill passes Lok Sabha test
下議院通過了提案
On December 9, the Lok Sabha passed the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill after a seven-hour-long debate with 334-106 votes.
12月9日，下議院經(jīng)過7個小時的辯論，以334票對106票的結(jié)果通過了《公民身份(修正)提案》。
Bill Passed in Rajya Sabha
上議院通過了議案
On December 11, the Rajya Sabha approved the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, thus completing the legislative procedure for giving Indian citizenship to non-Muslims migrants from Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh. The Bill was passed with 125-105 votes.
12月11日，上議院通過了《公民身份(修正)提案》，從而完成了向來自巴基斯坦、阿富汗和孟加拉國的非穆斯林移民授予印度公民身份的立法程序。該提案以125票贊成，105票反對獲得通過。
Bill gets President''s assent
總統(tǒng)批準(zhǔn)提案
On December 12, President Ram Nath Kovind gave his assent to the Bill, turning into an Act
12月12日，拉姆·納特·科溫德總統(tǒng)批準(zhǔn)了該提案，該提案正式成為法案。
NEW DELHI: Protests over the contentious Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) spread across the country on Monday with students, some sections of the civil society and opposition political parties holding demonstrations at several places urging the Centre to revoke the Act. Here is all you need to now:
新德里消息：周一，抗議備受爭議的《公民身份修正法案》活動在全國蔓延，學(xué)生、民間團體的一些部門和反對黨派在多個地方舉行示威，敦促中央政府撤銷該法案。下面是一些你需要知道的信息:
What is the Citizenship (Amendment) Act?
什么是《公民身份（修正）法案》?
The bill that is now an Act makes it easier for the non-Muslim immigrants from India''s neighbours - Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan - to become citizens of India. Though the Bill doesn''t spell it out clearly, but the fact that it entitles Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis, and Christians facing religious persecution in the three nations, to seek Indian citizenship, highlights the exclusion of Muslims.
議案現(xiàn)在已成為了法案。有了該法案，來自印度鄰國：巴基斯坦、孟加拉國和阿富汗的非穆斯林移民成為印度公民就更方便了。議案給這三個國家面臨宗教迫害的印度教徒、錫克教徒、佛教徒、耆那教徒、帕西教徒和基督徒尋求印度公民身份的權(quán)利，雖然沒有明確規(guī)定，但議案明確將穆斯林排除在外。
The Act says the refugees of the six communities will be given Indian citizenship after residing in India for five years, instead of 11 years earlier.
根據(jù)該法案，來自這六個宗教團體的難民在印度居住滿5年可以獲得印度公民身份，而之前獲得印度公民身份則需要11年時間。
Protests across the country
全國各地的抗議活動
Ruling CPI(M)-led LDF and opposition Congress headed UDF in Kerala held a joint protest against the amended Citizenship act with chief minister Pinarayi Vijayan slamming the move as an attempt to "curb freedom".
在喀拉拉邦，印共(馬)為主的左翼聯(lián)盟和反對黨國大黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的統(tǒng)一民主聯(lián)盟舉行聯(lián)合抗議，反對修改后的公民身份法案，首席部長皮納拉伊·維賈揚抨擊此舉企圖“限制自由”。
Who will benefit from the law?
誰將從中受益?
The Citizenship (Amendment) Act grants citizenship to Hindus, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhist, Jains and Parsis - from Afghanistan, Pakistan and Bangladesh who had arrived in India before December 31, 2014. The legislation applies to those who were “forced or compelled to seek shelter in India due to persecution on the ground of religion”. It aims to protect such people from proceedings of illegal migration from the neighbouring countries.
《公民身份(修正)法案》給予2014年12月31日前從阿富汗、巴基斯坦和孟加拉國抵達(dá)印度的印度教徒、基督徒、錫克教徒、佛教徒、耆那教徒和帕西人印度公民身份。該法適用于那些“因宗教迫害而被強制或強迫在印度尋求庇護的人”。目的是保護這些人免受鄰國的非法移民訴訟。
The requirement to stay in India for those belonging to any of these 6 religion for at least 11 years before applying for Indian citizenship has been reduced to five years.
Indian citizenship, under present law, is given either to those born in India or if they have resided in the country for a minimum of 11 years.
來自這六種宗教團體的人，之前如果想申請印度國籍，必須要在印度停留至少11年，新法案將停留時間降到了5年。
根據(jù)現(xiàn)行法律，印度公民可以是在印度出生的人，也可以是在印度居住滿11年及以上的人。
Why the protests?
為什么會有抗議?
There are two distinct rallying points of protests against the Act. In the northeast, the protest is against the Act''s implementation in their areas. Most of them fear that if implemented, the Act will cause a rush of immigrants that may alter their demographic and linguistic and cultural uniqueness.
反對該法案的抗議活動有兩個明顯的集結(jié)點。東北地區(qū)反對該法案在當(dāng)?shù)貙嵤|北地區(qū)大多數(shù)人擔(dān)心，如果該法案得以實施，則會給當(dāng)?shù)貛硪泼癯?，而這可能會改變當(dāng)?shù)氐娜丝诮Y(jié)構(gòu)，以及語言和文化的獨特性。
In the rest of India, like in Kerala, West Bengal and in Delhi, people are protesting against the exclusion of Muslims, alleging it to be against the ethos of the Constitution.
印度的其他地方，比如喀拉拉邦、西孟加拉邦和德里，人們抗議法案排斥穆斯林，聲稱這違反了憲法精神。
The exclusions
例外
The Citizenship (Amendment) Act does not apply to tribal areas of Tripura, Mizoram, Assam and Meghalaya because of being included in the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution. Also areas that fall under the Inner Limit notified under the Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation, 1873, will also be outside the Act''s purview. This keeps almost entire Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur and Nagaland out of the ambit of the Act.
《公民身份(修正)法案》不適用于特里普拉、米佐拉姆、阿薩姆和梅加拉亞邦的部落地區(qū)，因為這些地區(qū)被列入《憲法》的第6個附件。此外，根據(jù)1873年制定《孟加拉東部邊境章程》，屬于內(nèi)部限制的地區(qū)也不在該法的范圍之內(nèi)。這樣的話幾乎整個阿魯納恰爾邦、米佐拉姆邦、曼尼普爾邦和那加蘭邦被排除在法案執(zhí)行范圍之外。
NRC lix to the controversial Act
與爭議法案有關(guān)的國民登記制度
Government''s stand on CAA
政府對《公民身份修正法案》的立場
The Centre has rejected the suggestions that the bill is anti-Muslim. Home minister Amit Shah has said the measure has the endorsement of 130 crore citizens of the country as it was the part of the BJP manifesto in 2014 as well as 2019 Lok Sabha elections.
中央政府否認(rèn)了該法案反穆斯林的說法。印度內(nèi)政部長阿米特·沙阿表示，這項措施得到了印度1.3億公民的支持，這是2014年印度人民黨宣言的一部分，也是2019年下議院選舉的一部分。
The Act does not discriminate against anyone and does not snatch anyone''s rights, Shah said. The home minister said under the Act, citizenship will be granted to refugees coming from the three countries after facing religious persecution there even without documents, including ration cards.
This bill is not even .001 per cent against Muslims. It is against infiltrators, the home minister has reiterated.
該法案沒有歧視任何人，沒有剝奪任何人的權(quán)利，內(nèi)政部長表示，根據(jù)該法案，來自這三個國家面臨宗教迫害的難民，即使沒有包括配給卡在內(nèi)的文件，也可以獲得印度公民身份。
該項提案對穆斯林的反對率甚至不到0.01%。內(nèi)政部長重申，該項法案主要針對滲透者的。
Bill passes Lok Sabha test
下議院通過了提案
On December 9, the Lok Sabha passed the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill after a seven-hour-long debate with 334-106 votes.
12月9日，下議院經(jīng)過7個小時的辯論，以334票對106票的結(jié)果通過了《公民身份(修正)提案》。
Bill Passed in Rajya Sabha
上議院通過了議案
On December 11, the Rajya Sabha approved the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, thus completing the legislative procedure for giving Indian citizenship to non-Muslims migrants from Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh. The Bill was passed with 125-105 votes.
12月11日，上議院通過了《公民身份(修正)提案》，從而完成了向來自巴基斯坦、阿富汗和孟加拉國的非穆斯林移民授予印度公民身份的立法程序。該提案以125票贊成，105票反對獲得通過。
Bill gets President''s assent
總統(tǒng)批準(zhǔn)提案
On December 12, President Ram Nath Kovind gave his assent to the Bill, turning into an Act
12月12日，拉姆·納特·科溫德總統(tǒng)批準(zhǔn)了該提案，該提案正式成為法案。
評論翻譯
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Chowki Dar
The CAA also is a good step not only for the saftery of those who are in India, but also the future of India. The congress and some states are opposing this act cause it will become difficult for them in future elections on which they have been getting illegal votes. Mamta B. Gandhi''s, Kerala; Delhi, now Maharashtra(sic) dirty politics with no ethics or morals.
《公民身份(修正)法案》不僅是保障那些生活在印度的人的安全，而且還是保障未來印度安全的很好的舉措。國大黨和一些邦反對這項法案，因為在未來的選舉中他們將很難獲得非法選票?，斈匪·甘地的喀拉拉邦，德里，現(xiàn)在的馬哈拉施特拉邦都有骯臟的政治目的，沒有倫理和道德。
Desh Premi
It is the congress and media who is fuelling these antinational activities.
是國大黨和媒體助長了這些反國家的活動。
Kabir
As India''s stature grows it needs strong laws to protect itself from illegal immigrants. Don''t we all know how many illegal Bangladeshi immigrants are all over India? The protests need to stop, and people should understand the humanitarian reason for this law. Of course Muslims from Islamic countries cannot immigrate to India. That would defeat the purpose of establishing these 3 Islamic nations around India.
隨著印度地位的提高，它需要強有力的法律來保護自己免受非法移民的侵害。難道我們不知道印度有多少非法孟加拉移民嗎?必須停止抗議，人們應(yīng)該理解這項法律的人道主義原因。當(dāng)然，來自伊斯蘭國家的穆斯林無法移民印度。這將破壞印度周圍建立這三個伊斯蘭國家的目的。
For the first time in many decades there is a government at the centre that places the country''s interest first, and takes bold decisions. I hope next the BJP takes steps to address the exploding population in India. The quality of life is decreasing at a rapid rate in India due to the ever exploding population growth.
幾十年來第一次有一個把國家利益放在首位的中央政府，并且做出了大膽的決策。我希望人民黨下一步能采取措施解決印度人口爆炸的問題。由于人口的爆炸性增長，印度的生活質(zhì)量正在迅速下降。
Shailaja Veernarayan
Can''t understand why the protest. I think these protestors who claim to be students don''t have simple common sense to understand this act. Congress and other parties want muslims to be included appeasement of minorities in their blood. How long india is to suffer for their vote bank. No common sene prevails in Congress and other similar agenda parties which trickles down to students sense of understanding . These students are mature enough to think to vote ,marry etc but are not intelligent eno
我不明白為什么要抗議。我認(rèn)為這些自稱學(xué)生的抗議者沒有簡單的常識，根本無法理解這個法案。國大黨和其他黨派從骨子里希望對少數(shù)民族的綏靖政策能把穆斯林包含進(jìn)來。他們的這些票倉，印度還要忍多久。國大黨和其他類似參加議程的政黨根本就沒有常識，理解能力跟學(xué)生差不多。這些學(xué)生成熟了，可以考慮投票、可以結(jié)婚等，可是卻還不夠聰明。
Amit
CONg did a BIG FRAUD against Hindus. Had they been in power for another term then Hindus would have lost all hopes for future gen. God sent Modi to rescue India and Hindus.
國大黨完全欺騙了印度人。如果他們再干一屆，印度人就會對未來失去所有希望，上帝派莫迪來拯救印度和印度人。
Bambino Bomb
This is a good act for our future generation. I support this act and I support Delhi police.
這個法案對我們的后代來說是好事。我支持這項法案，我也支持德里警方。
Maths wizardry infinite
I support this Act. I''m not a bhakt. Everything BJP does is not sinister. Pakistan was created for Muslims. Existing Muslims of India have not been asked to leave. As for people of North East they will always be ungrateful. They are OK to migrate and work elsewhere in India but don''t want anyone in their areas. Cheap people. Modi sir you dont succumb. A tall leader never succumbs.
我支持這項法案。我不是莫迪的白癡粉絲。人民黨所做的一切都不是邪惡的。巴基斯坦就是為穆斯林而生的。我們沒有要求印度的穆斯林離開印度。至于東北人，他們一直都忘恩負(fù)義。他們可以移民，也可以到印度其他地方去工作，但不希望任何人進(jìn)入他們的地區(qū)。一群賤人。莫迪先生，你不會屈服的。偉大的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者從不屈服。
Gaana User
Why Jamia University allowed students to protest. Parents send students to study. Take action against top management of University . Arrest immediately officials of University. They should have closed University Saturday itself when protest started Friday night.. Then this violence could have avoided.
為什么賈米亞大學(xué)允許學(xué)生抗議。父母送你們是去學(xué)習(xí)的。馬上對大學(xué)高層采取行動。立即逮捕大學(xué)里當(dāng)官的。周五晚上抗議開始，周六他們就應(yīng)該關(guān)閉大學(xué)。這樣的話就可以避免暴力了。
Suresh Datta
I wonder when are the cases against Rahul and Sonia Gandhi coming up for hearing. They need to be put in jail for life. Just look at the peace in J&K since the Abdullahs and the Muftis have been put under house arrest.
我想知道拉胡爾和索尼婭·甘地的案子什么時候開庭。他們應(yīng)該被判終身監(jiān)禁?？纯醋詮陌⒉范爬湍路蛱岜卉浗?，查謨克什米爾多么平靜就知道了。
B Indian
I fully support and agree with CAA.
Colleges are a place to study, not to protest and create a ruckus. These people got bored of tck tock and need some new distraction. Most of them dont even Know CAA properly cos they havent developed the atitude nor the maturity to understand what is good for our country.
Copper
I want my country a Hindu Country
我希望我們國家是印度教國家
SuryaGurugram
Government is right.
印度政府做的沒錯。
Shilpi Sahai
there is nothing in the law to protest. this is all staged by congress
在法律上沒有什么好反對的。這一切都是國大黨安排的
vikram khanna
first lets throw bittttcccch italian out of india
首先把意大利賤人趕出印度。